晚清“五洲”地理知识的传播与普及  

Transmission and Popularization of the "Five Continents" Geographic Cognition in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：陶中淼 Tao Zhongmiao(The Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2024年第4期112-122,共11页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

摘　　要：“五洲”地理知识在晚清社会的传播与普及是地理学发展与时局形势相互作用的结果。明末清初传入中国的“五大州”地理知识于鸦片战争后始进入清人的关注视野,受限于传统观念,清人对此持抵触态度。在与世界各国的接触与引进日本地志的进程中,“五洲”由名到实。随着以“洲”为代表的中、西间地理概念得到对接,清人对以“五洲”为基础的世界地理知识介绍愈发系统化。在被纳入教育体系后,“五洲”知识体系开始取代中国传统世界认知观念,普遍为清人所接受。在时局影响下,“五洲”愈发具有政治色彩,“洲”成为清人丈量和理解世界的尺度之一,进而引发对国家之定位及未来命运的反思。Transmission and popularization of "Five Continents" geographic cognition in the late Qing period was the result of the interaction between the development of geography and the social situation. Although "Five Continents" had already introduced into China during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,the Qing people did not pay attention to it until the Opium War broke because of the traditional concepts. In the process of contacting with foreigners and introducing Japanese geographical writings, "Five Continents" tended to be recognized by the Qing people. And the "Five Continents" geographic cognition of the Qing people increasingly systematized as the geographic concepts of China and the West linked. After the educational system constantly improved, the "Five Continents" geographic cognition began to replace the traditional Chinese concept of world knowledge and be accepted by Qing people. Under the influence of the social political situation, the "Five Continents" became more and more politicized, and the "Continent" became one of the dimensions for Qing people to measure and understand the world, which led to reflections on the position and future destiny of the country.

关 键 词：晚清 五洲 传播历程 近代地理学 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]