经颅直流电刺激和正念训练调节运动员注意网络的研究  

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mindfulness Training on Athletes'Attention Network

作　　者：王钰[1,2] 白梓彤 孙延林 粟强[1] 周紫洛 WANG Yu;BAI Zitong;SUN Yanlin;SU Qiang;ZHOU Ziuo(School of Education and Psychology,Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301617,China;Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院教育与心理学院,天津301617 [2]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2024年第9期133-147,共15页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：天津市体育科研课题“高精度tDCS技术促进运动表现提升的研究和应用”(项目编号:23SK07)。

摘　　要：目的:已有研究发现单次短时tDCS可实现对于神经网络的调节作用。探索tDCS是否可以通过刺激脑区来促进运动员注意能力的提升,有助于在竞技运动领域开发较为方便快捷的运动表现提升方法。方法:采用tDCS技术,并结合正念训练,对60名运动员进行干预,并且记录干预前后被试在注意网络测验任务中的数据结果和HRV变化。结果:1)在注意网络测验任务中,tDCS和正念训练均可显著促进运动员注意执行网络效率和HRV的表现。2)从整合数据发现,仅正念训练对定向网络有显著促进作用,且tDCS和正念训练对警觉网络均无影响。结论:注意执行网络和HRV的一致性结果说明单次短时tDCS对运动员注意能力的提升“部分有效”;综合不同注意功能的脑网络,并对比正念训练,显示tDCS的作用局限性与刺激参数的选择有关。这为后续的研究提供了参考,想要发挥tDCS在运动竞技领域的短时高效作用,需要从脑神经网络整体性出发,同时基于竞技运动实际情境来设计精准的刺激干预方案。Objective:Previous studies have found that single-session,short-term transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)can regulate neural networks.This study explored whether tDCS can enhance athletes'attention abilities by stimulating specific brain regions,aiming to develop convenient and efficient methods for improving athletic performance in competitive sports.Method:tDCS and mindfulness training were used to intervene with 60 athletes.The attention network test task and heart rate variability(HRV)were recorded before and after the intervention.Results:1)Both tDCS and mindfulness training could significantly improve the performance of the athletes'attentional executive network efficiency and HRV.2)However,it is found that only mindfulness had a significant effect on the orientation network,and neither tDCS nor mindfulness training had an effect on the alertness network.Conclusion:The consistent results of the attention executive network and HRV indicate that a single short-term tDCS is"partially effective"in improving the attention ability of athletes.By combining the brain networks with differentattention functions and comparing with mindfulness training,the limitations of tDCS are related to the selectionof stimulus parameters.This provides a reference for subsequent studies,indicating that to harness the shortterm,high-efficiency effects of tDCS in competitive sports,it is necessary to consider the integrity of athletes'brainneural network and develop precise tDCS programs based on the actual demands of competitive sports.

关 键 词：经颅直流电刺激 正念训练 运动员 注意网络 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]