不同质地土壤甘薯块根膨大与能量供应的关系  

Relationship between the storage root bulking and energy supply of sweet potato under different soil textures

作　　者：颜仕闻 杜付荣 孙哲[3] 徐冰洁 史春余[1] 柳洪鹃[1] YAN Shi-wen;DU Fu-rong;SUN Zhe;XU Bing-jie;SHI Chun-yu;LIU Hong-juan(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221131,China;Tai’an Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Tai’an,Shandong 271001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]徐州市农业科学研究院,江苏徐州221131 [3]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第11期2041-2052,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MC186);山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)项目(2023TZXD024);山东省薯类产业技术体系(SDAIT-16);泰安市良种工程项目(2024NYLZ04);泰安市科技特派员项目;日照市产业领军人才汇聚计划创新领军人才(团队)项目。

摘　　要：【目的】良好的土壤通气性可提高甘薯块根中ATP含量,促进干物质向块根的转运。本研究从块根呼吸强度、呼吸途径的变化方面,研究不同质地土壤对块根呼吸代谢及能量供应的调控机制,为甘薯高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以淀粉型甘薯品种‘商薯19’和‘济薯25’为试材,于2020、2021年进行了两季大田试验,供试土壤质地包括砂壤土、壤土和黏壤土。于甘薯移栽后45天起,每20天进行一次植株取样,调查甘薯块根鲜重,测定块根能荷物质腺苷三磷酸(ATP)、腺苷二磷酸(ADP)、腺苷一磷酸(AMP)含量和呼吸速率等,计算块根膨大速率,以分析能荷与块根膨大的关系。在甘薯收获期测产。【结果】3个质地土壤间差异显著,砂壤土上甘薯产量和单薯重最高,产量较壤土上提高13.94%~32.91%,黏壤土上甘薯产量和单薯重最低,产量较壤土上降低6.71%~22.1%,而单株结薯数不同质地土壤间差异不显著。砂壤土上甘薯块根膨大速率显著高于其它两种质地土壤,增幅较大时期出现在块根的膨大高峰期(栽后65~85和105~125天),而黏壤土上块根的膨大速率显著低于其它两种质地土壤。块根快速膨大期(栽秧后65~125天),相较于壤土,砂壤土上的块根蔗糖含量显著降低,而淀粉含量显著增加;黏壤土上则表现正相反,块根蔗糖含量显著升高,淀粉含量显著降低。相较于壤土,砂壤土上块根总呼吸速率、糖酵解途径(EMP)呼吸速率和三羧酸循环(TCA)呼吸速率分别提高12.48%~34.36%、7.14%~43.23%和7.14%~39.62%,总呼吸速率和TCA呼吸速率的最大增幅均出现在块根膨大高峰期;而黏壤土上甘薯块根的总呼吸速率较低,磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)呼吸速率较高。砂壤土上甘薯块根中ATP、ADP以及AMP含量显著高于壤土,黏壤土则显著低于壤土。相关分析发现,甘薯块根产量、单薯重均与ATP含量呈极显著正相关关系,块根膨大速率与ATP、ADP含�【Objectives】Satisfactory soil aeration is inductive to increase ATP content in the storage root,thus improve the transformation of dry matter from vegetative organ to storage roots.We studied the regulation mechanism of soil textures on the storage root respiration and energy supply paths,to provide theoretical base for the high yield cultivation of sweet potato.【Methods】Starch sweet potato varieties Shangshu 19 and Jishu 25 were selected as experimental materials in field experiment conducted in 2020 and 2021 in Shandong Province.Three soil texture treatments,namely sandy loam(SL),loam(LS),and clay loam(CL),were set up.Since 45 days after the planting of seedlings,plant samples were collected every 20 days for determination of storage root weight,bulking rate,energy compound ATP,ADP,and AMP content,and respiratory rate.The storage root yield was investigated at harvest.【Results】SL treatment was recorded higher storage root yield and single storage root weight than LS,with yield increase of 13.94%−32.91%,while CL treatment was recorded lower storage root yield and single storage root weight,with the yield decreased by 6.71%−22.1%,however,the storage root number per plant was not significantly different among the three soil texture treatments.Compare with LS,the storage root bulking rate was higher in SL but lower in CL treatment(P<0.05).During the rapid storage root bulking period(65 days to 125 days after planting),the storage root sucrose content was lower and starch content was higher in SL treatment than in LS,while the sucrose content was higher and the starch content was lower in CL treatment than in LS significantly.Compared with loam soil treatment,the respiration rate of total,glycolytic pathway(EMP)and tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)in SL treatment were 12.48%−34.36%,7.14%−43.23%and 7.14%−39.62%higher than those in LS treatment,respectively.The gap in the total and TCA respiration rate between the SL and LS treatment reached largest at the peak of storage root enlargement.The storage

关 键 词：甘薯 土壤质地 呼吸途径 能量供应 块根膨大速率 单薯重 产量 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]