基于不同方法评价玉米−花生垄作间作和施磷对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响  

Effects of maize-peanut ridge intercropping and phosphorus application on soil aggregate stability assessed by different methods

作　　者：郁宁 马任甜 寇太记[1] 焦念元[1] YU Ning;MA Ren-tian;KOU Tai-ji;JIAO Nian-yuan(Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471021,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学,河南洛阳471021

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第11期2053-2062,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32401971);河南科技大学博士启动基金项目(13480107)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究玉米−花生垄作间作和施磷对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,为优化带状复合种植技术体系及进一步改善土壤结构和合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】2010—2022年在河南科技大学试验农场进行田间试验,以玉米‘郑单958’和花生‘花育16’为供试材料,设玉米−花生平作间作(FIC)和玉米−花生垄作间作(RIC)两种种植模式及P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/hm^(2)(P_(0))和180 kg/hm^(2)(P_(180))两个施磷水平。2022年10月夏季作物收获后,采集0—20 cm土层土壤样品,采用干筛、湿筛和Le Bissonnais[慢速湿润(SW)、预湿后扰动(WS)、快速湿润(FW)]3种方法分析土壤团聚体粒径分布和稳定性。【结果】与玉米−花生平作间作(FIC)相比,玉米−花生垄作间作(RIC)处理土壤>0.25 mm粒径团聚体(R_(0.25))占比增加了0.2%~6.0%,土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)增加了1.1%~12.9%,几何平均直径(GMD)增加了2.8%~14.3%。与P_(0)相比,P_(180)处理土壤>0.25 mm粒径的团聚体(R_(0.25))占比增加了2.0%~13.3%,土壤团聚体MWD增加了4.2%~22.7%,GMD增加了8.3%~32.6%。各处理土壤团聚体MWD、GMD和R_(0.25)表现为P_(0)FIC<P_(0)RIC<P_(180)FIC<P_(180)RIC。Le Bissonnais法处理中,土壤团聚体MWD表现为SW>WS>FW。此外,干筛法测定的平均质量直径(MWD_(D))与SW法测定的平均质量直径(MWD_(SW))及WS法测定的平均质量直径(MWD_(WS))呈显著正相关(P<0.001),湿筛法测定的平均质量直径(MWD_(W))与FW法测定的平均质量直径(MWD_(FW))呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。【结论】玉米−花生垄作间作(RIC)较玉米−花生平作间作(FIC)增加了土壤大团聚体含量,增强了团聚体的稳定性,且施磷进一步提高了土壤结构的稳定性。【Objectives】Exploring the influence of maize and peanut co-ridge intercropping and phosphorus application on soil aggregate stability,to provide a scientific basis for optimizing strip composite planting technology,and further improve soil structure and rational fertilization.【Methods】From 2010 to 2022,field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Henan University of Science and Technology.Maize variety Zhengdan 958 and peanut variety Huayu 16 were used as test materials.Two planting modes,flat intercropping of maize and peanut(FIC)and co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut(RIC),along with two phosphorus levels,P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/hm²(P0)and P_(2)O_(5) 180 kg/hm²(P_(180))were set.After the harvest of summer crops in October 2022,soil samples from the 0−20 cm soil layer were collected,and the particle size distribution and stability of soil aggregates were analyzed using three methods:dry sieving,wet sieving,and Le Bissonnais[slow wetting(SW),wet stirring(WS),and fast wetting(FW)].【Results】Compared with flat intercropping(FIC),the proportion of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm(R_(0.25))in the co-ridge intercropping(RIC)treatment increased by 0.2%to 6.0%,the mean weight diameter(MWD)of soil aggregates increased by 1.1%to 12.9%,and the geometric mean diameter(GMD)increased by 2.8%to 14.3%.Compared with P0,the P_(180) treatment increased the proportion of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm(R_(0.25))by 2.0%to 13.3%,increased the MWD of aggregates by 4.2%to 22.7%,and increased GMD by 8.3%to 32.6%.The order of MWD,GMD,and R_(0.25) of soil aggregates was P_(0)FIC<P_(0)RIC<P_(180)FIC<P_(180)RIC.In the Le Bissonnais method,the MWD order of soil aggregates was SW>WS>FW.Additionally,the mean weight diameter measured by the dry sieving method(MWDD)was significantly positively correlated with that measured by the SW(MWD_(SW))and WS(MWD_(WS))methods(P<0.001).The mean weight diameter measured by the wet sieving method(MWD_(W))was positively correlated with that measured by the FW(MWD_(FW))method(P<0.001).

关 键 词：玉米−花生垄作间作 磷 Le Bissonnais法 土壤团聚体稳定性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.2S152