基于5年定位试验的新疆滴灌棉田土壤有效磷农学阈值及磷肥适宜用量  

Agronomic threshold of soil available phosphorus and the appropriate rate of phosphate fertilizer for drip-irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang based on a 5-year field experiment

作　　者：李忠婷 胡杰 陈钰秦 彭懿 冯固[2] 盛建东[1] LI Zhong-ting;HU Jie;CHEN Yu-qin;PENG Yi;FENG Gu;SHENG Jian-dong(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Soil and Plant Ecological Process Key Laboratory,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第11期2063-2071,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2022YFD190010304);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2003210)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对新疆棉田磷肥投入过量、利用效率低、成本高等问题,开展不同施磷量对棉田土壤磷素有效性、棉花养分吸收及产量的影响研究,以确定土壤有效磷农学阈值以及合理施磷量,实现绿洲棉田磷素收支平衡和磷肥高效利用。【方法】于2018—2022年在新疆棉花主产区沙湾市开展田间试验,设置P0(0 kg/hm^(2))、P50(50 kg/hm^(2))、P75(75 kg/hm^(2))、P100(100 kg/hm^(2))、P150(150 kg/hm^(2))、P300(300 kg/hm^(2))6个施磷(P_(2)O_(5))水平。每年棉花收获后,秸秆全部还田,采样测定土壤水溶性磷、有效磷、全磷含量及棉花磷素吸收量,调查棉花产量。【结果】与P0处理相比,施磷肥处理土壤有效磷含量增加25.62%~64.69%,年均增加0.89~2.55 mg/kg;水溶性磷含量增加幅度为68.60%~112.98%,年均增加0.67~1.10 mg/kg;全磷含量增加幅度为2.82%~9.37%,年均增加0.01~0.03 g/kg。线性拟合结果显示,土壤中磷素每累积100 kg/hm^(2),有效磷、水溶性磷含量分别提高1.93、0.76 mg/kg。棉花产量随着施磷量的增加先增加后维持平衡,通过线性加平台拟合,棉花最高产量施磷量为P_(2)O_(5)124 kg/hm^(2),棉田土壤有效磷农学阈值为19.23 mg/kg。P50~P150处理直到第5年才显著提高土壤全磷含量,而P300处理在第1年施用后土壤有效磷就接近此农学阈值。【结论】长期施磷显著提高土壤中有效磷的含量,建议对于新垦棉田,前期施用高量的磷肥(300 kg/hm^(2)),土壤有效磷快速达到农学阈值后,施磷量控制在100~124 kg/hm^(2),可在满足棉花高产对磷营养的需求基础上减少棉田磷素的盈余。【Objectives】In Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,excessive phosphorus fertilizer input is common,leading to low P utilization efficiency and high cost in cotton production.We conducted localized field experiment to research the suitable phosphorus fertilizer dosage for acquiring high cotton yield and ecologically safe field phosphorous supply capacity.【Methods】During 2018−2022,cotton field experiment was carried out in Shawan City,the main cotton producing area in Xinjiang.Six phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))application levels of P0(kg/hm^(2)),P50(50 kg/hm^(2)),P75(75 kg/hm^(2)),P100(100 kg/hm^(2)),P150(150 kg/hm^(2))and P300(300 kg/hm^(2))were set up.At harvest of each year,soil were samples for determination of water-soluble P,Olsen-P,and total P content;the cotton yields were recorded,and cotton seeds and flocs samples were collected to measure P content and then calculate the P output by cotton.All the cotton straws were returned to field every year.【Results】Compared with P0,all the P fertilizer treatments increased soil Olsen-P content by 25.62%−64.69%,with an annual average increase of 0.89−2.55 mg/kg;increased soil water-soluble P content by 68.60%−112.98%,with an annual average of 0.67−1.10 mg/kg;increased soil total P content by 2.82%−9.37%,with an annual average of 0.01−0.03 g/kg.The linear fitting results showed that every extra 100 kg/hm^(2)accumulation of soil P would result in an increment of Olsen-P and water-soluble P content by 1.93 mg/kg and 0.76 mg/kg,respectively.With the increase of P application rate,cotton yield first increased and then maintained stable.The fitted result of linear plus platform model showed that the P_(2)O_(5) application rate for the maximum cotton yield was 124 kg/hm^(2).The agronomic threshold of Olsen-P in cotton field was 19.23 mg/kg.P50−P150 treatment did not increase soil total P significantly until the fifth year,while P300 increased soil Olsen-P content close to the agronomic threshold in the first year of application.【Conclusions】Continuous a

关 键 词：棉田 磷肥用量 有效磷 水溶性磷 棉花产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S143.2