改良物料配施提升河套灌区盐碱土团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量及玉米产量  

Combined application of amendment materials enhances aggregate stability and organic carbon content of saline-alkali soil,and maize yield in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：白小龙 王彬[1] 刘云鹏 王腾 张百含 刘盼婷 田丰 赵卉 BAI Xiao-long;WANG Bin;LIU Yun-peng;WANG Teng;ZHANG Bai-han;LIU Pan-ting;TIAN Feng;ZHAO Hui(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Tumote Right Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]内蒙古包头市土默特右旗农技推广中心,内蒙古包头014100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第11期2082-2092,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究几种盐碱土改良剂单独施用与配合施用对团聚体和玉米产量的改良效果,以及主要作用机理,为内蒙河套灌区盐碱土壤改良提供可行的技术措施。【方法】在内蒙古河套灌区进行连续两年的田间试验,供试作物为玉米。试验共设8个处理:CK(不施改良物料)、T1(脱硫石膏15 t/hm^(2))、T2(新型改良剂15 t/hm^(2))、T3(牛粪有机肥7.5 t/hm^(2))、T4(脱硫石膏7.5 t/hm^(2)+新型改良剂7.5 t/hm^(2))、T5(脱硫石膏7.5 t/hm^(2)+牛粪有机肥3.75 t/hm^(2))、T6(新型改良剂7.5 t/hm^(2)+牛粪有机肥3.75 t/hm^(2))、T7(脱硫石膏7.5 t/hm^(2)+新型改良剂7.5 t/hm^(2)+牛粪有机肥3.75 t/hm^(2))。在玉米收获期采集耕层土壤样品,测定土壤理化性质、团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量,调查玉米产量。【结果】与对照相比,所有改良物料处理均降低了土壤容重、pH和盐分,增加了有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮和有机碳含量,且新型改良剂配施脱硫石膏与牛粪有机肥较单施新型改良剂土壤有机碳含量提高了72.66%(P<0.05);T7处理显著降低了<0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量,水稳性团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)值分别提高了47.83%和32.50%(P<0.05)。施用改良物料提高了各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,与对照相比,T7处理显著提高了>5、1~2、0.5~1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量,其中增幅最大的是1~2 mm粒级。施用改良物料提高了作物产量38.38%~161.38%,以配施处理对玉米产量的提升效果更明显,其中T7处理产量最高。冗余分析和随机森林模型分析发现,土壤有机碳、有效磷、速效钾、pH和盐分含量是显著影响土壤团聚体分布和玉米产量的因子;结构方程模型表明,土壤团聚体分布和有机碳对团聚体稳定性有显著的正向影响,稳定的团聚体促进作物产量的提高。【结论】相比于单独施用,脱硫石膏7.5 t/hm^(2)、新型改良剂7.5 t/hm^(2)以及牛粪有机肥3.75 t/hm^(2【Objectives】We studied the remediation effect of several amendment materials applied alone and in combination on agglomerates and maize yield,as well as the main mechanism of action,to propose practical measurements for saline-alkali soil improvement in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years in the saline-alkali soil of Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia,the test crop was maize.A total of 8 treatments were set up:CK(no remediation materials),T1(desulfurized gypsum 15 t/hm^(2)),T2(new conditioner 15 t/hm^(2)),T3(cow dung organic fertilizer 7.5 t/hm^(2)),T4(desulfurized gypsum 7.5 t/hm^(2)+new conditioner 7.5 t/hm^(2)),T5(desulfurized gypsum 7.5 t/hm^(2)+cow dung organic fertilizer 3.75 t/hm^(2)),T6(new conditioner 7.5 t/hm^(2)+cow dung organic fertilizer 3.75 t/hm^(2)),T7(desulfurized gypsum 7.5 t/hm^(2)+new conditioner 7.5 t/hm^(2)+cow dung organic fertilizer 3.75 t/hm^(2)).At harvest of maize,topsoil samples were collected for measurement of physical and chemical properties,aggregate stability,organic carbon content,and maize yields were investigated.The main factors,and the relationships between soil property indicators and the aggregate characters were analyzed.【Results】Compared with the control,all the treatments reduced soil bulk density,pH and salinity content,and increased available N,P,K,and organic carbon contents,and the organic carbon content of the new conditioner with desulfurized gypsum and cow dung organic fertilizer increased by 72.66%(P<0.05)compared to the application of new conditioner alone.Compared with the control,T7 treatment significantly reduced the content of<0.25 mm aggregates,and increased the MWD and GMD by 47.83%and 32.50%,respectively.The application of remediation materials increased the organic carbon content of aggregates in different particle sizes,and T7 treatment significantly increased the organic carbon content in aggregates>5 mm,1−2 mm,0.5−1 mm,with the largest increase in 1−

关 键 词：河套灌区 改良 有机碳 团聚体 盐碱土壤 玉米 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]