盐及盐碱胁迫对葡萄砧木幼苗氮素代谢关键酶活性及相关基因表达的差异影响  

Disparate impact of salt stress and saline-alkali stress on key nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and related gene expression in grape rootstock seedlings

作　　者：刘利 李惠 韩燕[1] 杨国伟 孙庆华 朱自果[1] 韩真 陈广霞 马玉姣 吴玉森 刘锴 王超萍 李秀杰 李勃 LIU Li;LI Hui;HAN Yan;YANG Guo-wei;SUN Qing-hua;ZHU Zi-guo;HAN Zhen;CHEN Guang-xia;MA Yu-jiao;WU Yu-sen;LIU Kai;WANG Chao-ping;LI Xiu-jie;LI Bo(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Shandong Academy of Grape,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271508,China)

机构地区：[1]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/山东省葡萄研究院,山东济南250100 [2]山东农业大学,山东泰安271508

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第11期2104-2117,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC101,ZR2021QC165,ZR2022QC185);养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室项目(GZ2023003);国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心“揭榜挂帅”项目(GYJ2023004);国家葡萄产业技术体系济南综合试验站项目(CARS-29-16);山东省农业良种工程项目(2022LZGCQY019);2022年山东省重点研发计划项目(2022TZXD0011);国家自然科学基金项目(32202462);山东省葡萄研究院科研引导基金项目(SDAG2021A03,SDAG2021B08)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究盐胁迫与盐碱复合胁迫对葡萄砧木幼苗氮代谢关键酶活性以及相关基因表达的差异影响。【方法】沙培试验以‘5BB’葡萄砧木幼苗为材料,设置3个营养液处理,分别为对照(不添加盐、碱),盐胁迫(0.20 mol/L NaCl溶液)和盐碱复合胁迫(0.10 mol/L NaCl溶液+0.10 mol/L NaHCO_(3)溶液)。幼苗处理14天时,取样测定干鲜重、根系形态、SPAD值、钠钾离子含量、氮代谢关键酶活性、硝态氮、铵态氮和总氮含量,分析^(15)N利用率和氮吸收同化相关基因的表达量。【结果】与对照相比,盐碱复合胁迫显著降低了葡萄砧木幼苗总鲜重和SPAD值。盐胁迫与盐碱复合胁迫叶片中Na+含量分别是对照的1.50、2.50倍,根系中分别是对照的1.68、1.79倍,且根中Na+含量高于叶片中Na+含量。盐碱复合胁迫处理葡萄叶片的K^(+)含量显著高于对照,又显著高于盐胁迫处理,对照根中K^(+)含量显著高于盐胁迫和盐碱复合胁迫。盐胁迫和盐碱复合胁迫处理降低了叶片和根部氮代谢关键酶硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酸合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,盐胁迫和盐碱复合胁迫下叶片和根部NO_(3)^(−)含量、根部NH_(4)^(+)含量、叶片全氮含量及盐碱复合胁迫叶片NH_(4)^(+)含量、根系全氮含量均显著降低。盐胁迫和盐碱复合胁迫下调了叶片和根系中9个氮代谢相关基因的表达量,其中,盐胁迫和盐碱复合胁迫处理叶片VvNIA基因的表达水平分别较对照降低了68.61%、92.55%,VvNIR基因的表达水平分别降低了66.26%、81.61%,盐碱复合胁迫处理的降幅大于盐胁迫;盐胁迫和盐碱复合胁迫下葡萄叶片的VvNRT1.1、VvNRT1.2、VvNRT2.1和VvNRT2.2表达量显著下降,且盐胁迫和盐碱胁迫间4个基因的表达量差异显著;盐碱复合胁迫下的葡萄根系VvNRT1.1和VvNRT1.2表达水平以及盐胁迫与盐碱复合胁迫下根系VvNRT2.1和VvNRT2.2表达水平均显著下降。K^(15)NO_(【Objectives】We investigated the differences in the effects of salt stress and saline-alkali stress on the activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes,and the expression of genes related to nitrogen absorption and assimilation in grape root stock seedlings.【Methods】Sand culture experiment was conducted using‘5BB’rootstock seedlings as materials,which were under three treatments for 14 days,CK(normal nutrient solution),salt stress(nutrient solution containing 0.20 mol/L NaCl),and saline-alkali stress(nutrient solution containing 0.10 mol/L NaCl&0.10 mol/L NaHCO_(3)).Plants were sampled for the measurement of dry and fresh weight,root morphology,SPAD value,Na+and K^(+)content,activities of five nitrogen metabolism enzymes,^(15)N content,and the expression levels of nine genes.【Results】Compared with CK,saline-alkali stress significantly reduced the fresh weight of whole plants,and markedly decreased the SPAD values.Salt and saline-alkali stress increased Na+content to 1.50 and 2.50 fold in leaves,and 1.68 and 1.79 fold in roots,compared to CK,and were recorded higher Na+content in roots than in leaves.Saline-alkali stress was tested the highest leaf K^(+)content,while CK was tested the highest root K^(+)content.Compare with CK,salt and saline-alkali stress decreased the activities of enzymes in leaves and roots,and decreased NO_(3)^(−),NH_(4)^(+)and total nitrogen content in different extent.Compare with CK,salt and saline-alkali stress decreased the NO_(3)^(−)and total N contents in leaves and roots,saline-alkali decreased the NH_(4)^(+)contents in leaves,salt and saline-alkali stress decreased the NH_(4)^(+)contents in roots.Salt and saline-alkali stress down-regulated the expression levels of nine nitrogen metabolism-related genes in leaves and roots.Compared with CK,the expression levels of leaf VvNIA decreased by 68.61%,92.55%,and VvNIR decreased by 66.26%,81.61%,respectively;both salt and saline-alkali stress decreased the expression levels of VvNRT1.1,VvNRT1.2,VvNRT2.1 and VvNRT2.2 in leaves,

关 键 词：葡萄砧木幼苗 盐碱胁迫 氮代谢关键酶 ^(15)N利用率 氮代谢相关基因表达 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]