木霉生物有机肥对梨容器苗生长发育及根际关键微生物的影响  

Effects of Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer on key rhizosphere microorganisms and growth and development of pear container seedlings

作　　者：段京涛 李思东 李培根 姜柔 王中华[2] 李晓刚[2] 董彩霞[1] 徐阳春[1] 沈其荣[1] DUAN Jing-tao;LI Si-dong;LI Pei-gen;JIANG Rou;WANG Zhong-hua;LI Xiao-gang;DONG Cai-xia;XU Yang-chun;SHEN Qi-rong(State Key Laboratory of Organic(Type)Fertilizers(Planning)/Jiangsu Province High Technology Research Key Laboratory for the Recycling of Solid Organic Wastes/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]有机(类)肥料国家重点实验室(筹)/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所/江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第11期2118-2128,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系岗位专家经费项目(CARS-28);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(23)1011)。

摘　　要：【目的】培育容器大苗是果树高效建园、缩短缓苗期及快速投产进入丰产期的重要途径。开展木霉生物有机肥促进容器大苗生长效应与机制研究,探讨土壤微生物群落组成与根系和地上部生长指标间的关系,为容器大苗的培育提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】以两年生早熟砂梨新品种‘苏翠1号’(Pyrus pyrifolia‘Sucui 1’)为试材连续开展两年试验,设置3个处理:80%原土+20%普通商品有机肥(OF,按重量计算,下同);80%原土+15%普通商品有机肥+5%木霉生物有机肥(5%BF);80%原土+5%普通商品有机肥+15%木霉生物有机肥(15%BF),测定梨根系、地上部生长指标,以及根际土壤微生物群落结构。【结果】与OF相比,5%BF和15%BF处理梨苗地径分别增加2.6%和8.8%,花芽数量增幅分别为40.0%和46.7%。与OF和5%BF处理相比,15%BF处理梨树总根尖数分别平均增加40.5%和37.7%,总根长分别平均增加47.3%和51.4%,且细根(直径<2 mm)占比最高。通过Zi-Pi分析(Zi>2.5且Pi<0.62)发现,微生物共现网络中核心微生物为放线菌门与子囊菌门;进一步利用随机森林模型预测关键物种,发现以放线菌门为主,包括链霉菌属(Streptomyces)与放线菌(Actinomarinicola)等具有生防作用的促生菌;线性回归分析结果表明,木霉属丰度与链霉菌属和放线菌两者之间均存在极显著正相关。【结论】施用高比例的木霉生物有机肥(15%BF)能够显著提高‘苏翠1号’梨容器大苗地径及根系发育,达到壮苗促花目的,是一条快速育成大规格苗木的有效途径。15%BF处理下除木霉自身促生作用外,还可能通过富集更多有益细菌如放线菌、链霉菌等微生物发挥协同促生效果。【Objectives】The cultivation of pear container seedlings is a critical technique for establishing efficient pear orchards,reducing the rejuvenation period,and rapidly entering the fruiting phase.This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer in promoting the growth of pear container seedlings,and explored the relationship between soil microbial community composition and growth indices of roots and shoots,to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for container seedling cultivation.【Methods】The experiment utilized a two-year-old early maturing variety‘Sucui 1’(Pyrus pyrifolia‘Sucui 1’)as the test material,including three treatments:80%original soil+20%ordinary commercial organic fertilizer(OF,calculated by weight,the same below);80%original soil+15%ordinary commercial organic fertilizer+5%Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer(5%BF);80%original soil+5%ordinary commercial organic fertilizer+15%Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer(15%BF).The growth indices of both the roots and shoots,as well as the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of the pear seedlings,were measured.【Results】Compared to the control group(OF),the stem diameter increased by 2.6%and 8.8%and the number of flower buds increased by 40.0%and 46.7%in the 5%BF and 15%BF treatments,respectively.Compared to the OF and 5%BF treatments,the 15%BF treatment increased the total root tip number by 40.5%and 37.7%and the total root length by 47.3%and 51.4%,with the highest proportion of fine roots(<2 mm).Zi-Pi analysis(Zi>2.5 and Pi<0.62)indicated that the core taxa were Actinobacteria and Ascomycota in the microbial co-occurrence network.Moreover,the random forest model further predicted that key species were mainly Actinobacteria,including growth-promoting bacteria with biocontrol functions such as Streptomyces and Actinomarinicola.Linear regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation between the abundance of Trichoderma and Actinobacteria.【Conclusions】The

关 键 词：木霉 生物有机肥 梨 根际微生物 共现网络 随机森林分析 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]