新疆露天煤矿开发对戈壁的影响及生态恢复对策  

Influence of open-pit coal exploitation of Gobi in Xinjiang and the reconstruction measures

作　　者：崔艳[1] 李思扬[1] CUI Yan;LI Siyang(CCTEG Beijing Huayu Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团北京华宇工程有限公司,北京100012

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2024年第11期24-28,共5页Coal Engineering

基　　金：哈密天山北部区域煤炭矿区绿色发展资源环境承载力研究(BJHY-BJZX-2023-021)。

摘　　要：为破解新疆露天煤矿开发与生态保护的矛盾,实现资源开发与生态保护的协同,围绕该区域干旱少雨、水资源短缺、生态系统极度脆弱的特征,分析了露天煤矿开发对戈壁脆弱荒漠生态系统的主要影响,提出新疆戈壁矿区露天矿恢复应以原生态功能重建为目标,并构建了排土场恢复的四大模式,分别是利用采掘场剥离物中的砾石重构地表、排土场剥离物直接碾压或洒水碾压、构建戈壁沙障、开发性恢复。In order to resolve the contradiction between the development of open-pit coal mines and ecological protection in Xinjiang,and to achieve synergy between resource development and ecological protection,the main impact of open-pit coal mine development on the fragile desert ecosystem of the Gobi Desert was analyzed based on the characteristics of drought,lack of rainfall,water shortage,and extreme fragility of the ecosystem in the area.It was proposed that the goal of restoring open-pit mines in the Gobi mining area of Xinjiang should be to rebuild the original ecological functions,and four measures for the restoring the open-pit dump in Gobi mining area of Xinjiang are proposed,which are Gobi gravel stripping and reconstruction,direct rolling or sprinkling rolling,construction of Gobi sand barrier and exploitative recovery.

关 键 词：生态脆弱区 戈壁矿区 露天开采 排土场 生态功能重建 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]