稀释制冷技术  

Dilution refrigeration technology

作　　者：郑茂文 郭浩文 卫铃佼 潘子杰 邹佳润 李瑞鑫 赵密广[1,2] 陈厚磊 梁惊涛[1,2,3] Zheng Mao-Wen;Guo Hao-Wen;Wei Ling-Jiao;Pan Zi-Jie;Zou Jia-Run;Li Rui-Xin;Zhao Mi-Guang;Chen Hou-Lei;Liang Jing-Tao(Key Laboratory of Technology on Space Energy Conversion,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,中国科学院空间功热转换技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]低温科学与技术重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第23期1-17,共17页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:52406002);国家重点实验室基金(批准号:CRYO20230202)资助的课题.

摘　　要：稀释制冷机作为一种可以获取10 mK以下极低温度的制冷技术,广泛应用于量子计算、凝聚态物理等领域,已经成为极低温区的主流技术.目前国际上干式稀释制冷机的研究和应用已经较为成熟,但是对其他类型的稀释制冷机研究较少,研究工作还不够全面系统.本综述围绕稀释制冷技术的研究现状,系统介绍了其根本机理和制冷原理,梳理了稀释制冷机的多种实现形式,讨论了各种形式的优缺点和研究进展.基于地面应用的典型稀释制冷机,结合实际情况,系统总结并分析了影响其制冷性能的内在、外在因素,为稀释制冷技术研究提供技术参考.Dilution refrigerator,as a refrigeration technology that can obtain extremely low temperatures below 10 mK,is widely used in fields such as quantum computing,and condensed matter physics.The development of the most widely used typical dry dilution refrigerators has been relatively mature,while there is little research on other types of dilution refrigerators,and there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on dilution refrigeration technology.This paper focuses on the current status of dilution refrigeration technology research,introduces its basic principles,and points out that the fundamental reason for continuous refrigeration is the limited solubility of 3He in 4He and the difference in enthalpy between the concentrated phase and the dilute phase.This paper summarizes the realization forms and research progress of typical dilution refrigerators,4He cycle dilution refrigerators,cold cycle dilution refrigerators,and space dilution refrigerators,and discusses their respective application occasions and advantages and disadvantages.From the Kapitza thermal resistance,osmotic pressure,and resistance,this paper analyzes the key influencing factors and design calculation methods for realizing dilution refrigerators below 10 mK,which provides reference for studying dilution refrigeration technology.

关 键 词：极低温 稀释制冷 量子计算 KAPITZA热阻 

分 类 号：TB66[一般工业技术—制冷工程]