水分亏缺对设施基质栽培番茄果实蔗糖和淀粉代谢的影响  

Effects of Water Deficiency on Sucrose and Starch Metabolism of Substrate Culture Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：崔一琼 李菊 刘晓奇 王俊文 唐中祺 武玥 肖雪梅[1,2] 郁继华 CUI Yiqiong;LI Ju;LIU Xiaoqi;WANG Junwen;TANG Zhongqi;WU Yue;XIAO Xuemei;YU Jihua(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070 [2]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《园艺学报》2024年第11期2607-2619,共13页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160703);现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目(GSLK-2021-6);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFNA0021)。

摘　　要：以高糖番茄品种‘181’和普通番茄品种‘毛粉802’为材料,在日光温室基质栽培条件下,设置4个水平的水分亏缺处理(充分供水对照,轻度、中度、重度水分亏缺),研究水分亏缺对绿熟期、转色期和成熟期果实糖组分、糖代谢相关酶活性和基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明,两个品种糖组分和淀粉含量在不同水分亏缺程度下的变化不同。中度水分亏缺可提高各个时期‘181’果糖和葡萄糖含量,而降低蔗糖和淀粉含量;重度水分亏缺显著提高‘毛粉802’的果糖和葡萄糖含量,而蔗糖含量随灌水量的减少而减少。成熟期‘181’和‘毛粉802’成熟期蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、α–淀粉酶(α-AYM)和β–淀粉酶(β-AYM)活性均随着灌水量的减少而增加,重度水分亏缺下两品种SS和SPS相对表达量在转色期和成熟期上调,绿熟期α-AYM和β-AYM在水分亏缺下也会上调。综上所述:设施基质栽培番茄适度水分亏缺可以促进蔗糖的分解和果糖、葡萄糖的生成,提高番茄的风味品质。The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of sugar metabolism of tomato fruits under water deficiency cultivated in substrate.One of taste tomato cultivars‘181’and one of ordinary tomato cultivars‘Maofen 802’were selected as materials in this experiment.Four water treatment levels(full water supply,mild water deficit,moderate water deficit and severe water deficit)were set up to study the effects of water deficit on sugar components,enzyme activities and relative gene expression in tomato fruits related to sugar metabolism at green ripening stage,color turning stage and mature stage under substrate cultivation in solar greenhouse.The results showed that the response of sugar component and starch content to water deficit was different between the two cultivars.Moderate water deficit could increase the fructose and glucose contents of‘181’while decrease sucrose and starch content of‘181’at every stage.Severe water deficit could increase the fructose and glucose contents of‘Maofen 802’and the sucrose content decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount.The activities of sucrose synthetase(SS),sucrose phosphate synthetase(SPS),α-Amylase(α-AYM)andβ-Amylase(β-AYM)in tomato‘181’and‘Maofen 802’at maturity increased with the decrease of irrigation amount,and the activities were the highest under severe water deficit.Under severe water deficit,the relative expression levels of SS gene and SPS gene of the two tomato cultivars were up-regulated during color turning stage and mature stage.Theα-AYM andβ-AYM gene expression levels were up-regulated in green ripe stage under the water deficit.To sum up,moderate water deficit can promote the decomposition of sucrose and the production of fructose and glucose of substrate-grown tomatoes in greenhouse,ultimately improve the flavor quality of tomatoes.

关 键 词：番茄 水分亏缺 基质栽培 糖代谢 酶活性 基因表达 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]