图像学视域下青藏高原远古神鸟“琼”图像源流考  

On the Image Origin of the Ancient Sacred Bird “Khyung” on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from the Perspective of Iconography

作　　者：张亚莎 苟爱萍[2] ZHANG Ya-sha;GOU Ai-ping

机构地区：[1]内蒙古鸿德文理学院北方岩画研究所 [2]西安美术学院美术史论系,西安710065

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第3期1-14,211,共15页China Tibetology

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国北方岩画文化遗产资料集成及数据库建设”(项目编号:18ZDA328)之“北方岩画分类与人面像专题研究”子课题阶段性成果;西安美术学院2024年度项目“青藏东部地区岩画调查研究——以新龙及贵德为主”(项目编号:2024ZX01)研究成果。

摘　　要：对青藏高原岩画进行研究发现,鸟崇拜观念在青藏系统岩画内形成了一条萌生发展与演变的脉络,并成为神鸟“琼”图像研究的重要依据。吐蕃王朝时期的佛苯融合,造成原产生于青藏高原的神鸟“琼”的身份与形象发生诸多变化,艺术表现形式以及材质也有相应扩展。文章通过对青藏高原东部地区宗日式陶器系列鸟纹和青藏高原西部象泉河流域古墓葬出土器物鸟纹的图像梳理与分析,认为前者应该是青藏高原鸟崇拜观念起源;后者则与青藏高原西部鸟崇拜岩画有共生关系;出土文物与古代遗址在年代学方面的结论,更为神鸟“琼”源流研究提供了更多考古学依据。在此基础上,文章提出青藏系统的神鸟“琼”信仰显示出从青藏高原东部到青藏高原西部源流及传播方向的可能性,对古代青藏高原人群起源以及文化传播、交流等方面的探索,都有一定意义。The study of rock art on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows that the concept of bird worship has formed a vein of germination, development and evolution in the rock art of the Qinghai-Xizang system, and has become an important basis for the study of the image of the sacred bird “Khyung” The fusion of Buddhism and Bon during the Tubo period caused many changes in the identity and image of the sacred bird “Khyung”, which originated on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the artistic expression and materials were also expanded accordingly Based on the image combing and analysis of the bird patterns of the pottery series of Zong-ru culture in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the bird patterns of the ancient tombs unearthed from Glang-chen gtsang-po River Basin in the western part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, this paper believes that the former is the origin of the concept of bird worship on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the latter has a symbiotic relationship with bird worship petroglyphs in the western part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau The chronological conclusions of the unearthed cultural relics and ancient ruins have provided more archaeological basis for the study of the origin of the sacred bird Khyung On this basis, this paper proposes that the belief in the sacred bird Khyung of the Qinghai-Xizang system shows the possibility of its origin and transmission direction from the eastern to the western of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which is of certain significance for the exploration of the origin of the ancient people and the cultural transmission and exchanges in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

关 键 词：青藏高原 神鸟琼 古象雄 鸟纹源流 

分 类 号：K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] J522[历史地理—历史学]