西夏帝师热巴生平研究  

A Study on the Life of Tishri Ras-pa in Xixia

作　　者：嘎玛东多 Karma bDud-vdul

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区拉萨市设计院青藏极地建筑研究中心,拉萨850030

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第3期131-139,216,共10页China Tibetology

基　　金：2023年度中国藏学研究中心青年项目“西藏著名宗教人物热巴(1164—1236)的生平及其对西藏地方融入中华民族共同体的历史作用研究”(项目编号:2023QN005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：帝师热巴(1164—1236)是西夏的末代帝师,同时也是藏传佛教拔绒噶举派的重要上师。文章以已有成果为基础,以新掌握的6部相关史料为补充,并结合实地调研考证,对帝师热巴生平经历进行了较为全面的梳理。帝师热巴于1164年出生在“惹冲乌玛”地区,即今西藏自治区当雄县乌玛塘乡辖境。先后拜谒众多上师并研习佛法,成为汇噶举教法于一身的“教诲总集帝师热巴”。于1195年8月前往西夏,抵达西夏后,帝师热巴执掌了多座寺院并收徒传法,担任西夏“赞孜”与国师,最终被尊奉为西夏帝师,对西夏佛教的发展和维护社会稳定做出了重要贡献。帝师热巴在西夏完成一系列使命后,于1226年返藏,先后化解了“直达之争”“孜白纠纷”等西藏各地方势力间的矛盾冲突,对西藏社会的发展产生了积极影响。研究帝师热巴及其生平不仅能够为过往史事提供事实佐证,更能为深入研究阐释西藏地方融入中华民族共同体的历史轨迹和我国西北多民族之间的交往交流交融提供历史依据,具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。Tishi Raspa( 1164-1236) was the lastTishriof Xixia and a significant master within the bKavbrgyud school of Tibetan Buddhism This study builds upon previous research and integrates six newly discovered historical documents, complemented by field studies, to provide a relatively comprehensive analysis of Ras-pa's life It is revealed that Ras-pa was born in 1164 in the “Rachung Uma” area, currently known as Umatang Township, Damshung County, Xizang He studied under numerous masters, ultimately synthesizing the teachings from various bKav-rgyud traditions After arriving in Xixia in August 1195, Ras-pa assumed leadership over several monasteries, initiated numerous disciples, and served as both “Tsen-vdze” and theGuoshi( state preceptor), later revered as theTishri His efforts significantly advanced the development of Buddhism within Xixia and aided in maintaining social stability After concluding his missions in Xixia, he returned to Xizang in 1226 There, he resolved regional conflicts and had a positive impact on the development of Tibetan society The study of Ras-pa and his life can not only provide factual substantiation of historical events, but also provide historical basis for in-depth study and interpretation of the historical trajectory of Xizang's integration into the multi-ethnic groups in northwest China, with significant academic value and practical significance.

关 键 词：帝师热巴 生平史 西夏 帝师 

分 类 号：K246.3[历史地理—历史学] B948[历史地理—中国史]