胰酶对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、肝脏与肠道健康的影响  

PANCREATIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE,LIVER,AND INTESTINAL HEALTH OF JUVENILE LARGEMOUTH BASS(MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES)

作　　者：刘崇万 朱晓华[1,2] 王明华 张娇[3] 蔡青和 徐志华 任娣 李昊泽 LIU Chong-Wan;ZHU Xiao-Hua;WANG Ming-Hua;ZHANG Jiao;CAI Qing-He;XU Zhi-Hua;REN Di;LI Hao-Ze(Fresh Water Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,China;Fishery Analysis&Testing Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Honest Biological Technology Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省淡水水产研究所,南京210017 [2]江苏省水产质量检测中心,南京210017 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]上海欧耐施生物技术有限公司,上海201600

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第12期1993-2005,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏现代农业(大宗鱼类)产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]371和JATS[2023]334);国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-46)南京综合试验站资助。

摘　　要：为评价胰酶对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼生长、肝脏与肠道健康的影响,用棉籽饼粕(Cottonseed meal,CSM)替代40%的鱼粉蛋白后,分别以250、500、750、1000和1250 mg/kg水平分别添加胰酶,制作成等氮等脂的五组实验饲料,同时分别以正常商品饲料和CSM替代(不添加胰酶)组为负对照组及正对照组,饲喂大口黑鲈幼鱼[初始体质量(8.00±0.50)g]70d。结果显示,CSM替代鱼粉后,大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料利用率、生长及消化性能显著下降(P<0.05),肝脏与肠道健康受到显著损伤(P<0.05)。添加250—750 mg/kg胰酶后,大口黑鲈幼鱼终末体质量(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及成活率(SR)显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05);750 mg/kg时,肥满度(CF)显著升高(P<0.05),脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)显著性降低(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05);250—1000 mg/kg时,胃、前肠及肝中蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);750 mg/kg时,干物质、粗蛋白质及粗纤维表观消化率最高,粪便中氮磷含量最低;250—750 mg/kg时,丙二醛(MDA)显著下降(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著上升(P<0.05);750 mg/kg时,肝脏sod、cat基因相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),抗炎因子IL-10、TGF-β的相对表达量最高,而促炎因子IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的相对表达量最低,肠道紧密连接蛋白(occludin、zo-1和claudin-1)基因相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),而血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、D-乳酸(D-Lac)和内毒素(ET)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,CSM替代40%的鱼粉蛋白会对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长和健康产生显著影响,胰酶适量添加时,可显著提高大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性及表观消化率,同时,可显著改善肝脏和肠道健康(750 mg/kg时综合效果最好)。因此,胰酶可作为大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料的优质添加剂。In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of pancreatin(from porcine pancreas)on the growth,digestion,liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides),a study was conducted where 40%of fish meal protein was replaced with cottonseed meal.Pancreatin was added at levels of 250,500,750,1000,and 1250 mg/kg levels(TG-250,TG-500,TG-750,TG-1000 and TG-1250,respectively),ensuring isonitrogenous and isolipidous conditions.A normal commercial diet served as the negative control group(NCG),and the cottonseed meal replacement(without pancreatin)group served as the positive control group(PCG).The juvenile largemouth bass[initial body weight(8.00±0.50)g]was fed for 70d.The results showed that replacing fish meal with cottonseed meal decreased feed utilization rate,growth,and digestive performance(P<0.05),and adversely affected liver and intestinal health(P<0.05).However,adding pancreatin significantly increased final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),and survival rate(SR),and decreased the feed coefficient(P<0.05)in the range of 250—750 mg/kg.At 750 mg/kg,the condition factor(CF)increased(P<0.05),while the visceral index(VSI)and hepatosomatic index(HSI)decreased(P<0.05),and crude protein content increased(P<0.05).The activities of protease,amylase,and lipase in the stomach,foregut,and liver increased in the range of 250—1000 mg/kg(P<0.05).At 750 mg/kg pancreatin,the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,and crude fiber was the highest,and the nitrogen and phosphorus content in feces was the lowest.In the range of 250—750 mg/kg,malondialdehyde(MDA)levels decreased(P<0.05),while catalase(CAT),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAOC),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities increased(P<0.05).At 750 mg/kg,the relative expression of sod and cat gene in liver was up-regulated(P<0.05),the relative expression of antiinflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-βwas the highest,while the relativ

关 键 词：胰酶 生长 消化 肝功能 肠道健康 大口黑鲈 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]