基于水声学和渔获物调查的洱海鱼类资源时空分布特征  

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH RESOURCES IN ERHAI LAKE BASED ON HYDROACOUSTICS AND CATCH SURVEY METHODS

作　　者：张航 梁智策 匡晨亿 周婷 廖传松 苑晶[1] 郭传波 刘家寿[1,2] ZHANG Hang;LIANG Zhi-Ce;KUANG Chen-Yi;ZHOU Ting;LIAO Chuan-Song;YUAN Jing;GUO Chuan-Bo;LIU Jia-Shou(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Donghu Lake Ecosystem Experimental Station,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北东湖湖泊生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第12期2029-2041,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2400900);洱海生态调查项目(4532900HT202200026)资助。

摘　　要：为掌握洱海鱼类资源时空动态,研究于2022—2023年采用水声学和渔获物调查方法评估洱海鱼类群落结构及其时空分布,对鱼类群落结构、鱼类时空分布特征与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究和分析。研究共采集鉴定鱼类22种,隶属于4目8科17属,优势种为子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)。水声学调查结果显示:4个季节鱼类TS值主要集中在–70—–58 dB(全长1.2—5.0 cm),在夏、秋、冬和春季占比分别为88.40%、83.03%、84.53%和82.92%;鱼类在夏、秋、冬和春季4个季度的平均目标强度分别为(–59.08±0.08)、(–54.99±0.15)、(–55.90±0.16)和(–58.07±0.18)dB,鱼类密度分别为夏季(23851.61±889.30)ind./ha、秋季(14185.69±1106.54)ind./ha、冬季(2423.19±179.54)ind./ha和春季(3382.16±440.71)ind./ha。从各季节水平空间特征来看,夏季和春季主要集中在北部区域。在垂直方向上,夏、秋和春季均以2.5—6.5 m水层鱼类的占比较高,占比分别为32.99%、30.65%和62.78%;冬季以14.5—18.5 m水层鱼类占比较高,占比为34.05%;在冬季和春季鱼类在垂直方向上表现出明显的迁徙现象。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,水温(WT)、氨氮(NH3-N)、透明度(SD)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)等水体理化因子对洱海小型鱼类的分布具有明显影响。研究证明了水声学调查与渔获物调查相结合评估鱼类资源时空分布的可行性,研究结果为洱海鱼类资源保护和恢复提供科学依据。Erhai Lake,the second largest plateau freshwater lake in Yunnan Province,is known for its unique fish resources.In order to understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of fish resources,we evaluated the community structure and spatial-temporal distribution of fish in Erhai Lake by using hydroacoustics and catch survey methods from 2022 to 2023 this study.Additionally,the relationship anmong fish community structure,fish distribution characteristics,and environmental factors was analyzed.A total of 22 fish species were identified in the fishery survey,belonging to 17 genera,8 families,and 4 orders,with Rhinogobius giurinus being the dominant species.The hydroacoustic survey results showed that the TS value of fish mainly ranged from–70 to–58 dB(total length 1.2—5.0 cm)in four seasons,accounting for 88.40%,83.03%,84.53%,and 82.92%in summer,autumn,winter,and spring,respectively.The average target intensity of fish in summer,autumn,winter,and spring were(–59.08±0.08)dB,(–54.99±0.15)dB,(–55.90±0.16)dB,and(–58.07±0.18)dB,respectively.Fish densities were as follows:(23851.61±889.30)ind./ha in summer,(14185.69±1106.54)ind./ha in autumn,(2423.19±179.54)ind./ha in winter,and(3382.16±440.71)ind./ha in spring.Spatially,fish in summer and spring were primarily concentrated in the northern region.Vertically,a higher proportion of fish were found in the 2.5—6.5 m water layer during summer,autumn,and spring,accounting for 32.99%,30.65%,and 62.78%,respectively,whereas in winter,34.05%of the fish were found in the 14.5—18.5 m water layer.Significant vertical migration was observed in winter and spring.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that water temperature(WT),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),transparency(SD),and high salinity index(CODMn)significantly affected the distribution of small fish in Erhai Lake.This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining acoustic surveys with catch surveys to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of fish resources.The results provide a scientific basis for the protec

关 键 词：水声学 鱼类群落结构 时空分布 洱海 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]