距离建立全国统一的长期护理保险制度还有多远?——兼论49个试点城市的实践探索  

Establishing a National Unified Long-Term Care Insurance System:How Far A way?A Discussion on the Practical Exploration of 49 Pilot Cities

作　　者：王可心 WANG Kexin(School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2024年第9期50-63,共14页Scientific Research on Aging

摘　　要：建立长期护理保险制度不仅可以分散失能风险,为失能老年人的护理费用提供经济补偿,还有助于拉动护理服务行业发展。为了能在最大范围内分散风险、适应大量人口流动状况并实现制度的公平性和包容性,需要建立全国统一的长期护理保险制度,针对所有社会成员采取统一的财务模式和待遇给付方法。为此,须坚持参保对象的普遍性,采取完全积累制财务模式、与缴费挂钩的给付方法,实现失能评估标准的统一性。目前来看,我国49个试点城市的实践探索却与上述学理性要求存在一定距离,影响了长期护理保险制度的统一性与公平可持续发展。鉴于此,需要直面差距,坚持全民参保,采取家庭账户制,扩大给付对象范围,并选择比率给付制,鼓励多方专业力量遵循统一的失能评估标准并规范开展失能评估工作。Establishing a long-term care insurance system not only spreads the risk of disability and provides financial compensation for care costs of the disabled elderly,but also stimulates the development of the caregiving service industry.In order to spread the risk to the greatest extent,adapt to the situation of large-scale population mobility,and make the system fair and inclusive,it is necessary to set up a nationally unified long-term care insurance system that adopts a unified financial model and payment method for all members of society.To this end,it is necessary to maintain the universality of the insured,adopt a defined contribution model,a payment method linked to contributions,and unified standards in disability assessment.However,the 49 pilot cities have deviated somewhat in practice from those theoretical requirements,affecting the consistency and sustainable development of the long-term care insurance system.In view of this,it is essential to face these gaps,insist on universal coverage,adopt a family account system,expand the coverage of beneficiaries and select a rate-payment system as well as encourage multiple professional players to carry out assessments in accordance with the unified disability standards and norms.

关 键 词：长期护理保险 完全积累制 家庭账户制 名义账户制 比率给付制 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]