气候变迁视角下吐蕃政权覆亡及其人群流动  

The Overthrow of the Tubo Regime and the Movement of People under the Perspective of Climate Change

作　　者：许若冰 XU Ruo-bing

机构地区：[1]湖北大学历史文化学院,武汉430062

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第4期17-27,212,213,共13页China Tibetology

摘　　要：西藏地方政权的兴衰及其人群流动与历史气候的冷暖干湿变化存在显著关系,吐蕃政权的衰亡与族群迁徙是气候干旱背景下由政教斗争、经济衰退以及社会矛盾激化等因素相互交织、综合作用的结果。公元8—9世纪青藏高原南部趋于干旱少雨,旱灾、疫病频发,加之长期的政教斗争与战乱,严重动摇吐蕃政权的统治根基并致其覆亡。文章认为,在此背景下,深陷战乱的卫藏地区民众逐步迁往温暖湿润的青藏高原东部或西部,特别是吐蕃族裔持续东迁至甘青川滇地带并与当地氐羌系人群交融凝聚,加速助推西藏文明东向倾斜及藏族融入中华民族共同体的历史进程,也奠定了宋元以来中国西部汉藏羌彝诸民族交往交流交融的民族格局。新时期的藏学研究应综合开展地理学、气候学、生物学与西藏考古、历史、民族等跨学科交叉研究,拓展中国藏学研究新领域与国际影响。The rise and fall of local regimes in Xizang and the movement of their populations are significantly related to historical climatic variations in warm,cold and dry temperatures,the demise of the Tubo regime and the migration of ethnic groups was the result of the intertwined and combined effects of the political and religious struggles,the economic decline and the intensification of social conflicts in the context of climatic drought.The southern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau tended to be arid with little rain in the 8th and 9th centuries AD,with frequent droughts and epidemics,coupled with the prolonged political and religious struggles and wars,the foundation of the Tubo regime was seriously shaken and led to its downfall.Against this backdrop,the article suggests that people in the deeply war-torn dBus-gtsang region have gradually migrated to the warmer and wetter eastern or western parts of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,in particular,the Tibetan ethnic group continued to migrate eastwards to the Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan and Yunnan and intermingled with the local DiQiang population,accelerating the historical process of promoting the eastward inclination of Tibetan civilization and the integration of Tibetans into the community of the Chinese nation,it also laid the foundation for the ethnic pattern of interactions and exchanges between the Han,Tibetan,Qiang and Yi ethnic groups in western China since the Song and Yuan dynasties.Tibetan studies in the new era should comprehensively carry out cross-disciplinary research in geography,climatology,biology and Tibetan archaeology,history and ethnicity,so as to expand the new fields and international influence of China's Tibetan studies.

关 键 词：吐蕃 藏族 气候变迁 人群流动 民族交融 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]