清代成都将军军事驰援西藏地方的作用及演进:以乾嘉咸三朝涉廓事件为中心  

The Role and Evolution of the Chengdu General's Military Assistance to Xizang in the Qing Dynasty:Focusing on the Historical Events Related to Gurkha during the Qianlong,Jiaqing and Xianfeng Periods of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：吴艾坪 WU Ai-ping

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学中华传统学院,成都610066

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第4期60-69,214,215,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重大项目“清代驻藏大臣汉文文献整理与研究”(项目编号:22&ZD268)资助。

摘　　要：作为清代西南地区唯一的驻防将军,清廷在西南设置的“成都将军”肩负着“震慑诸番,远抚西藏”的重任。每当廓尔喀侵扰西藏之际,清廷便令成都将军率川兵赴藏驰援,从乾隆朝“川省距前藏较近,速星往驰援”,到嘉庆朝“不可稍有声张”,再到咸丰朝“川境虽毗连藏界,然终觉鞭长莫及”。由多民族组成的川兵,在成都将军、驻藏大臣的协同指挥下,与当地军民同仇敌忾,佐证了川省对于西藏的依托作用,这份“集体记忆”铸就了当地族群对清廷的凝聚力与向心力。到了咸丰时期,随着清朝国力的衰落与边防重心的转移,四川对西藏的军事驰援作用有所弱化,但是,二地之间的相互驰援一直得以延续。As the only garrison general in the southwest of the Qing Dynasty,the“Chengdu General”set up by the Qing court in the southwest was responsible for“deterring the various tribes and pacifying Xizang from afar”.Whenever the Gurkha invaded Xizang,the Qing court ordered the Chengdu General to command the Sichuan soldiers to enter Xizang to provide rapid assistance.From the Qianlong period,“Sichuan Province is relatively close to the dBus region of Xizang,and it should be provided with assistance as soon as possible”,to the Jiaqing period,“It should assistant Xizang secretly”,and to the Xianfeng period,“Although Sichuan is adjacent to the border of Xizang,it is still out of reach”.The Sichuan soldiers,composed of multiple ethnic groups,shared the same hatred with the local military and civilians under the coordinated command of the Chengdu General and the Grand Minister Resident in Xizang,proving the role of Sichuan Province in supporting Xizang.This“collective memory”has forged the cohesion force of the local ethnic groups towards the Qing court.In the Xianfeng period,with the decline of the Qing Dynasty's national power and the shift of the focus of border defense,Sichuan's military assistance to Xizang gradually weakened,but the mutual assistance between the two places still continued.

关 键 词：清代乾嘉咸三朝 西藏 成都将军 廓尔喀 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学] K252[历史地理—中国史]