中国藏族人口变动趋势研究:2000—2020  

A Study on the Trend of Tibetan Population Change in China:2000—2020

作　　者：张航空[1] 马琦峰 邱思涵 ZHANG Hang-kong;MA Qi-feng;QIU Si-han

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与健康学院、人口与发展研究中心 [2]中国人民大学社会学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第4期163-174,218,219,共14页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“高质量发展视域下中国人口均衡发展的理论建构与多维测度研究”(项目编号:20&ZD173)资助

摘　　要：文章基于第五次至第七次全国人口普查的长短表数据,分析了21世纪以来我国藏族人口数量与结构的变化趋势,主要研究发现包括:2020年中国内地地区藏族人口总量706.07万人,男女性别比为99.33;藏族刚进入轻度老龄化,65岁及以上老年人口占比为7.03%;藏族人口平均受教育年限从2000年的3.28年上升至2020年的6.26年,男女平均受教育年限差距不断缩小;2020年藏族人口主要分布在西藏、四川、青海、甘肃、云南五地,65.06%的人口居住在乡村;2020年藏族未婚人口占比上升至各民族首位,育龄妇女生育水平下降但仍高于全国平均水平;藏族流动人口规模从2000年的24万人增加至2020年的148万人,越来越多的藏族劳动者从第一产业流向了第二、三产业。为推动藏族人口高质量发展、促进少数民族共同繁荣,建议未来从以下几个方向开展相关工作:做好养老工作前期铺垫,完善民族地区医疗卫生服务体系;重视群众教育理念培养,整合多方资源助力教育事业发展;破除城乡二元结构壁垒,推动民族地区的城镇化建设进程;拓宽少数民族交往渠道,促进不同民族文化群体间的融合;挖掘藏族人口生育潜力,落实生育政策的配套支持措施;健全就业公共服务体系,维护少数民族劳动者的基本权益。Based on the data from the fifth to the seventh national population census,this paper analyzes the trend of changes in the number and structure of China's Tibetan population since the 21st century.The main findings include:the total Tibetan population in China's mainland in 2020 was 7,060,700,and the gender ratio was 99.33%;the Tibetan population has just entered the stage of mild aging,and the elderly population aged65 years and above accounts for 7.03%;the average length of schooling of the Tibetan population has increased from 3.28 years in 2000 to 6.26 years in 2020,and the gap between men and women in average years of education continued to narrow;in 2020,the Tibetan population was mainly distributed in Xizang,Sichuan,Qinghai,Gansu and Yunnan,with 65.06%of the population still living in rural areas;in 2020,the proportion of unmarried Tibetans rose to the first place among all ethnic groups,and the fertility level of women of childbearing age declined but was still higher than the national average;the scale of Tibetan migrant population increased from 240,000 in 2000 to 1.48 million in 2020,and more and more Tibetan workers have moved from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries.In order to promote the high-quality development of the Tibetan population and promote the common prosperity of ethnic minorities,it is suggested that carry out relevant work in the following directions in the future:do a good job in the early stage of elderly care work and improve the medical and health service system in ethnic areas;attach importance to the cultivation of mass education concepts and integrate multiple resources to help the development of education;break down the barriers of urban-rural dual structure and promote the urbanization process in ethnic areas;broaden the communication channels for ethnic minorities and promote the integration of different ethnic and cultural groups;tap the fertility potential of the Tibetan population and implement supporting measures of fertility policy;improve the e

关 键 词：藏族人口 人口结构 变动趋势 人口普查 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]