代际居住空间分离与农村老年人养老需求转移  

Intergenerational Residential Separation and the Transfer of Rural Elderly Care Demand

作　　者：卢文秀 吴方卫 康姣姣 Lu Wenxiu;Wu Fangwei;Kang Jiaojiao

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2024年第6期96-111,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“‘推—拉’力重构下中国农业转移劳动力空间再配置研究”(编号:72373089);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“上海新城的居家养老服务模式创新研究”(编号:2022ZJB004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在老龄化、少子化和农村劳动力转移常态化多重背景叠加作用下,识别农村老年人的养老需求变化,有助于找到完善农村养老服务的突破口。文章分析了代际居住空间分离对农村老年人养老需求的影响,研究发现如下。(1)代际居住空间分离促使农村老年人养老需求由家庭向社会转移,即随着代际居住距离扩大,农村老年人选择家庭养老服务的概率下降,社会养老服务需求增加。(2)代际居住空间分离通过增加代际经济支持和减少家庭养老服务时间,增加农村老年人的社会养老服务需求。(3)随着失能程度的提高,老年人选择家庭养老服务的概率降低,对社会养老服务的支付意愿上升。文章结论有助于把握老龄化与城镇化并行背景下农村老年人的养老需求变化及其机制,为健全农村社会养老服务、应对人口老龄化挑战提供事实依据。This paper analyzes the impact of intergenerational residential separation on the care demand of rural elderly.The study finds that intergenerational residential separation contributes to a shift in the old-age care demand of the rural elderly from family to society.As the intergenerational living distance increases,the demand for rural elderly family pension services decreases,and the demand for social pension services increases.Intergenerational residential separation increases the demand for social services of the elderly in rural areas by increasing intergenerational economic support and decreasing the time spent on family services for the elderly.Further analysis reveals that the demand of the rural elderly do not show a"pecking order preference",but follow the transfer order of"society-other relatives-spouse".In addition,the higher the degree of disability,the greater the willingness of the elderly to pay for social services.The findings of this paper help to understand the changes in the demand of the rural elderly for old-age care and their mechanisms,and provide a factual basis for improving social elderly care services in rural areas.

关 键 词：农村劳动力转移 代际居住空间分离 农村老年人 养老需求 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济] C913.1[社会学]