老年人的社会参与能否增进健康?——基于潜类别分析的经验检验  

Can Social Participation Improve the Elderly Health?Tests Based on the Latent Class Analysis

作　　者：崔晓东 陈友华 Cui Xiaodong;Chen Youhua

机构地区：[1]南京晓庄学院商学院 [2]东南大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2024年第6期112-126,共15页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“城市低龄老人社会参与对健康促进的影响研究”(编号:21BRK018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：社会参与和健康是积极老龄化的两大核心议题。老年人社会参与能否增进健康的实证研究结果并不一致,参与行为的分类方式不同是一个重要原因。文章基于中国老年健康影响因素调查(CLHLS)数据,利用潜类别分析方法对参与行为进行分类,进而检验不同类型的参与行为对老年人健康的影响,识别适合不同年龄段老年人的社会参与方式。研究发现,中国老年人的参与可分为生存型、运动型和休闲型三类,其中生存型社会参与最为普遍,运动型次之,休闲型参与人数最少。参与类型和健康之间存在显著关联,总体而言,以生存型参与为主的老年人健康水平相对较低,而以休闲型参与为主的老年人健康水平相对较高。休闲型参与是增进中低龄老年人健康的有效参与类型;运动型参与适合中龄老年人,对高龄老年人健康具有长期积极效应。从长期来看,不同参与类型的健康效应在消减。鉴于休闲型参与对健康的积极效应最为明显,且当前老年人参与比例最低,文章建议在优化公共健康政策时积极推动老年人的休闲型社会参与,促进低龄老年人的多元化社会参与。Participation and health are two core issues of active aging.Although maintaining or improving health through participation has been widely discussed,empirical conclusions on the relationship between the two remain inconsistent.One reason might be the ambiguity in defining participation,which leads to a wide variety of participation behaviors.Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)from 2011-2018,this study identifies participation types through Latent Class Analysis by aggregating related social behaviors,and then examines the effectiveness of dfferent types in improving health using latent growth curve models.The results show that participation of Chinese elderly can be divided into three types:survival,sport,and leisure.The survival participation has the highest proportion,followed by sport participation,and leisure participation is the lowest.Meanwhile,the elderly with survival participation have the worst health conditions,followed by sport participation,and those with leisure participation have the best health conditions.Further causal tests show that leisure participation is indeed an effective approach to improve the health of young-old and middle-old adults,but its long-term impact on the middle-old is diminishing.For the oldest-old,the health promotion effect of participation is insignificant in most cases.Given the above,it is necessary to explore and design diversified participation programs,and encourage and attach importance to diverse participation of the young-old group.

关 键 词：社会参与 参与行为 参与类型 老年健康 潜类别分析 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] C913.6[经济管理]