某院老年患者用药期间药品不良反应发生特点分析  

Characteristics of Adverse Drug Reactions During Medication in Elderly Patients in a Hospital

作　　者：赵江宁[1] 罗维维 ZHAO Jiangning;LUO Weiwei(Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China 100035)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院,北京100035

出　　处：《中国药业》2024年第S02期285-287,共3页China Pharmaceuticals

摘　　要：目的为老年患者安全用药提供参考。方法收集国家药品不良反应监测中心系统2020年1月至2023年1月主动监测并上报的药品不良反应(ADR)报告。纳入年龄≥60岁患者的报告,记录患者年龄与性别、ADR类型、药品类别、给药途径、ADR累及系统/器官,分析ADR发生的特点。结果共纳入老年ADR患者330例,男女性别比为1.28∶1,年龄集中于60~70岁人群(51.82%)。涉及药品种类15种,其中占比最多的为抗感染药物(37.27%),其次为中枢神经系统药物(13.64%)。抗感染药物中,喹诺酮类药物用量最高(30.89%)。静脉给药发生ADR比例最高(50.91%),鼻饲给药发生比例最低(1.21%);涉及多个系统/器官的损伤,占比最多的为肝胆系统系统(23.03%),其次为消化系统(16.67%)。结论需重点关注老年患者用药过程中机体功能的变化,并严格控制抗感染药物的使用,密切监测患者用药后可能出现的ADR发生情况,确保患者用药的有效性与安全性。Objective To provide a reference for the safe use of medication in elderly patients.Methods Adverse drug reaction(ADR)reports actively monitored and reported in the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from January 2020 to January 2023 were collected.Reports from patients aged≥60 years were included,and the patient′s age and gender,ADR type,drug class,route of administration,ADR-related systems/organs were recorded,and the characteristics of the occurrence of ADRs were analyzed.Results A total of 330 cases of ADRs were included,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.28∶1,and the age of patients was concentrated in 60-70 years(51.82%).Fifteen types of drugs were involved,of which anti-infective drugs accounted for the largest proportion(37.27%),followed by central nervous system drugs(13.64%);among the anti-infective drugs,quinolones had the highest dosage(30.89%).Intravenous drug administration had the highest incidence of ADRs(50.91%),and nasal drug administration had the lowest incidence(1.21%);and injuries involving multiple systems/organs were most common in the hepatic and biliary systems(23.03%),followed by the gastrointestinal system(16.67%).Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to the changes of body functions in the process of medication in elderly patients,strictly control the use of anti-infective drugs,and closely monitor the occurrence of ADRs after medication,so as to ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication in patients.

关 键 词：老年患者 药品不良反应 发生特点 抗感染药物 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]