框架与格套:中晚明“市民文学”学说重审  

Framework and Paradigm:Reexamination of the Discourse on “Citizen Literature”in the Mid-to-Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：王逊[1] WANG Xun

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第11期73-83,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“晚明诗学现代阐释研究”(项目编号:20BZW097)的阶段性成果,并得到扬州大学“高端人才支持计划”资助。

摘　　要：论及明中后期的文艺发展,学人喜用市民文学之兴起概括其大致。此一学说的建立与完善,往往建立在特定的社会基础上,特别是商业发展与商人地位的提升。二者虽在晚明时期呈现迥异面貌,但我们不宜对其“转型”色彩过高估量。在考察有关商人的言行时,我们于身份属性外,更应首先关注其作为“人”的基本诉求与需要,且应对其理想诉求与现实需要有全面之认识及客观之审视。有关商人/商业的评价既有不同,对市民文学的认识自然应随之调整。实则有关市民/市民文学的界定本就多存分歧与尴尬,这在很大程度上是因为学人将这套学说引入文艺研究领域仅是简单嫁接,缺少必要的理论意识,以致其始终未有完善体系。由于种种“先入之见”的制约,市民文学理论无论是在考察文学现象,还是在描述文学历史和揭示文学规律时,都存在不同程度的缺失,亟待深入反思。When discussing the cultural and artistic development of the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty, scholars often summarize the general trend with the rise of citizen literature. The establishment and refinement of this discourse are often based on specific social foundations, particularly the development of commerce and the elevation of the status of merchants. Although these two aspects presented a very different appearance during the late Ming period, we should not overestimate their transformative implications. When examining the behavior and speech of merchants, we should focus not only on their identity attributes but also, primarily, on their fundamental demands and needs as human beings, and have a comprehensive understanding and objective examination of their idealistic and practical needs. Since evaluations of merchants/commerce vary, the understanding of citizen literature should naturally be adjusted accordingly. In fact, the definition of urbanites/citizen literature itself is fraught with disagreements and ambiguities, largely because scholars have simply grafted this theory into the field of literary and artistic research without the necessary theoretical awareness, resulting in a lack of a coherent system.Due to various preconceived notions, the theory of citizen literature is deficient to varying degrees when we examine literary phenomena, describe literary history, and reveal literary laws, and it is in urgent need of in-depth reflection.

关 键 词：经济 晚明 商人 商业 市民文学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]