作为“生产者”的“人民”:美国民粹主义运动的生产主义话语探析  

“People” as “Producers”:An Analysis of the Discourse of producerism in the American Populist Movement

作　　者：郑端 ZHENG Duan

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第11期97-107,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：由于生产主义对美国身份和国族精神有十分重要的作用,这一带有天然道德属性的话语便成为美国民粹主义中常见的元素。生产主义话语以不同的生产者形象塑造民粹主义的核心概念“人民”,促成了特定历史情境下不同的政治气候和政策导向,并从三个层面塑造了美国民粹主义的基本特性:一是以“寄生虫”形象为美国民粹主义定义了“谁是敌人”,从而确立了它们或左或右的基本类型;二是使得美国民粹主义运动带有明显的农村性质,造成美国农村的身份政治化;三是为美国民粹主义将新自由主义和保守主义结合提供了接口。生产主义话语和民粹主义的结合促使原本具有平等主义倾向的美国民粹主义逐渐右转,加剧美国社会隔阂的同时又增加了国际秩序的不稳定性。Due to its extreme importance to American identity and American ethos, producerism, along with its inherent moral bearings, has become a common element in the discourse of American populism. Producerist discourse is instrumental in constructing the core concept of populism, “the people”, with different images of producers, which has led to different political and policy orientations in specific historical contexts. Thus,producerism has shaped the basic characteristics of American populism on three levels: first, it defines “enemy”for populism in the image of “parasites”, thus defining the political orientation of populism;second, it marks the American populist movements with a distinct rural nature, resulting in the politicization of rural American identity;third, it provides an interface for American populism to combine neoliberalism and conservatism. The combination of producerist discourse and populism has prompted American populism, which originally had egalitarian tendencies,to gradually turn right, exacerbating social divisions in the United States while increasing international instability.

关 键 词：生产主义 民粹主义 新自由主义 人民 

分 类 号：D77[政治法律—政治学]