“法科知识人”:概念的生成及意义解析  

“Legal Intellectuals”: The Genesis of the Concept and Its Meaning

作　　者：侯欣一 HOU Xinyi

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第11期178-192,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：法科及法科知识人诞生于清末民初。法科的出现表面上看是学科分类细化的结果,本质上则是中国政治转型的产物,法科的出现是近现代中国的一件大事。法科独特的知识体系、知识内容以及思维方式和价值观为转型的中国提供了诸多可能。长期以来,人们习惯以法政人、司法官、法学人、法律人、法官、检察官、律师等概念称呼近现代中国那些以法律知识为职业者。孙笑侠教授提出了法科知识人这一全新的概念。法科知识人比法政人覆盖面更宽,比法学人更有文化内涵,比法律人、法官、检察官、律师等又更具整合功能。法科知识人对应的是其他知识群体、政治家和普通民众等。法科知识人这一概念时刻提醒着观察者要注意法科知识群体的独特性,特别是从精神、价值以及知与行的矛盾等方面凝练法科知识人的特性。当然,这一概念也在提醒着观察者近现代中国法律职业共同体的缺失。以法科知识人为分析工具,易于从整体上观察、发现近现代中国法治实践的内在规律和问题,有利于揭示近现代中国“法”与“国”、“法”与“政”、“法”与“学”、“法”与“社会”几大系统是如何构建的,以及这种构建方式对近现代中国历史走向产生的影响,具有超越人为的历史分期重构中国近现代法律史之可能。The legal discipline and legal intellectuals emerged during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Superficially, the appearance of the legal discipline seemed to be the outcome of the refinement in disciplinary classification;essentially, it was a product of China's political transformation. The advent of the legal discipline was a significant event in modern China. The distinct knowledge system, content, thinking mode, and values of the legal discipline offered numerous possibilities for transforming China. For a prolonged period, people have been accustomed to addressing those engaged in legal occupations in modern China with concepts such as legal and political practitioners, judicial officers, legal scholars, legal professionals, judges, prosecutors, and lawyers. Professor Sun Xiaoxia put forward the new concept of legal intellectuals. Legal intellectuals have a wider coverage than legal and political practitioners, possess greater cultural connotations than legal scholars, and have an integrating function surpassing that of legal professionals, judges, prosecutors, and lawyers. Legal intellectuals correspond to other intellectual groups, politicians, the general public and so on. The concept of legal intellectuals constantly reminds observers of paying heed to the uniqueness of the group of legal intellectuals, particularly in condensing the characteristics of legal intellectuals in terms of spirit, values, and the contradiction between knowledge and action. Naturally, this concept also alerts observers to the absence of a legal professional community in modern China. Utilizing legal intellectuals as an analytical tool facilitates observing and discovering the inherent laws and problems of the early legal practice in China from an overall perspective, and is conducive to revealing how the several major systems of “law” and “state”, “law” and “politics”, “law” and “academics”, and “law” and “society” were constructed in modern China, as well as the influence of

关 键 词：法科知识人 知识共同体 法律职业 价值共同体 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]