中国湖泊表面积时空变化特征及其对降水、气温的响应  

Spatiotemporal variations of lake surface area in China and its response characteristics to precipitation and temperature

作　　者：王晓[1] 王宏宇 唐莉 许晓春 WANG Xiao;WANG Hongyu;TANG Li;XU Xiaochun(Shanxi Conservancy Technical College,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi,China;Hubei Communications Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430051,Hubei,China;Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi,China;Research Institute of Tsinghua,Pearl River Delta,Guangzhou 510530,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]山西水利职业技术学院,山西太原030032 [2]湖北省交通规划设计院股份有限公司,湖北武汉430051 [3]太原理工大学,山西太原030032 [4]清华珠三角研究院,广东广州510530

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2024年第10期211-221,共11页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“极端降雨工况下黄土梁峁采空区入渗产流规律与机理”(42307261);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目“气候变化对江西省主汛期降雨极值分布影响研究”(GJJ211945);广州市开发区科技研发项目“数字江河多源遥感感知技术”(ITPRD-2021-069)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究自然湖泊表面积的特征及背后的驱动力机制,有助于生态保护、气候变化应对、水资源管理和环境影响评估。【方法】基于由Sentinel-1卫星获取的37个月湖泊表面积数据及相应的降水、气温数据,以最大值、最小值、变异系数、斜率、振幅等十个特征参数,分析中国湖泊变化的中心趋势、离散程度、分布形态等特征,以相关系数及显著性作为判别指标,分析中国湖泊表面积对降水、气温的响应特征。【结果】结果表明:北方内陆和新疆的湖泊面积较大,平均表面积高达20.56 km^(2),且月表面积振幅大,东南沿海诸河流域湖泊面积整体较小,平均表面积仅为1.35 km^(2);在湖泊表面积空间变化特征方面,东北诸江流域湖泊的月表面积CV平均值高达54.92%,变异性极高,淮河流域和珠江流域的湖泊表面积呈下降趋势,其余流域呈微弱上升趋势,其中北方内陆及新疆诸河流域上升趋势最显著,斜率为0.0044。不同湖泊体量表面积敏感性存在差异,小型湖泊更易发生面积变化,小湖泊(0~1 km^(2))的CV平均值达67.91%,大型湖泊(>1000 km^(2))的表面积变化斜率最大为0.35;北方内陆及新疆诸河流域和西南国际河流流域的湖泊对气温变化显示出较高的敏感性,西南国际河流流域的湖泊对降水增加敏感,淮河流域展现了与降水负相关的湖泊比例较大为63%,气温对湖泊表面积的影响普遍比降水更显著。【结论】中国湖泊表面积变化具有多样性和复杂性,未来研究应进一步探讨湖泊变化的长期趋势及其生态、经济影响,以更全面地理解湖泊作为地球系统组成部分的角色和重要性。[Objective]The exploration is aimed at understanding the characteristics of the surface area of natural lakes as an indispensable part of the Earth′s system and the mechanisms driving these characteristics.[Methods]The analysis was conducted based on lake surface area data over 37 months obtained from the Sentinel-1 satellite,along with corresponding precipitation and temperature data.Ten characteristic parameters including maximum values,minimum values,coefficients of variation,slopes,and amplitudes were utilized to analyze the central tendency,dispersion,and distribution shape of lake changes in China.Correlation coefficients and significance were used as criteria to analyze the response features of lake surface area in China to precipitation and temperature.[Results]It was shown that the lake areas in the inland north and Xinjiang are larger,with an average surface area reaching 20.56 km^(2) and a large amplitude in monthly surface area,whereas the lakes in the southeastern coastal river basins are generally smaller,with an average surface area of only 1.35 km^(2).In terms of the spatial variation characteristics of lake surface area,the average coefficient of variation(CV)of monthly surface area for lakes in the river basins of Northeast China reached 54.92%,indicating extremely high variability.The lake surface areas in the Huai River basin and the Pearl River basin showed a declining trend,while other basins showed a slight upward trend,with the most significant upward trend observed in the inland north and Xinjiang river basins,where the slope was 0.0044.Sensitivity to surface area changes varied among lakes of different sizes,with smaller lakes more prone to changes in area;the average CV for small lakes(~1 km^(2))reached 67.91%,while the greatest slope of surface area change for large lakes(>1000 km^(2))was 0.35.Lakes in the inland north and Xinjiang river basins and the international river basins of the Southwest showed higher sensitivity to temperature changes.Lakes in the international river basins

关 键 词：湖泊 表面积 特征 气温 降水 气候变化 环境影响评估 时空分布 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]