上市疫苗佐剂免疫机制研究进展  

Research progresses on the immune mechanism of licensed vaccines adjuvants

作　　者：张也 ZHANG Ye(Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine,Zhongda Hospital,Southeast University,Nangjing 210009,China;Department of Laboratory Medicine,Medical School of Southeast University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学附属中大医院检验科,南京210009 [2]东南大学医学院检验系,南京210009

出　　处：《免疫学杂志》2024年第5期476-479,共4页Immunological Journal

基　　金：东南大学附属中大医院科研人才培养计划(CZXMGSP-RC);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20241689)。

摘　　要：疫苗佐剂能够提高或改变机体对抗原的免疫应答,在疫苗研发中具有重要的作用。随着现代科学技术的发展,新型疫苗的研发越来越多,与传统疫苗(减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗)相比,新型疫苗(基因疫苗、蛋白疫苗、核酸疫苗和多肽疫苗)有着更高的安全性和可获得性,但是其免疫原性较弱,必须要依赖佐剂才能诱导足够强的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而发挥出疫苗最佳保护效果,因此佐剂是疫苗制备的关键环节。在过去几十年里,随着免疫学和生物技术快速发展,疫苗佐剂设计方法开始从经验指导向基于科学设计转变,为改进佐剂提供了极大可能性。本文着重综述了上市疫苗佐剂的免疫机制研究进展,为以后佐剂的设计提供参考。Vaccine adjuvant can improve or change the immune response to antigen,and plays an important role in vaccine research and development.With the development of modern science and technology,more and more new vaccines have developed.Compared with traditional vaccines(live attenuated vaccine and inactivated vaccine),new vaccines(gene vaccine,protein vaccine,nucleic acid vaccine and polypeptide vaccine)have higher safety and availability,but their immunogenicity is weak.These new vaccines rely on adjuvants to induce humoral and cellular immune responses.Therefore,adjuvants play an important role in preparation of these new vaccines.In the past decades,with the rapid development of immunology and biotechnology,vaccine adjuvants had a shift from empirical to rational design,offering possibilities for improved adjuvants.This review focuses on the research progress of immune mechanism of licensed vaccine adjuvants,for providing reference for the design of adjuvants in the future.

关 键 词：佐剂 免疫机制 体液免疫应答 细胞免疫应答 

分 类 号：R319[医药卫生—基础医学]