“稷下”考原——兼说“稷下学宫”的历史生成  

Research on “Jixia”——Also on the Historical Generation of “Jixia School”

作　　者：杨云荃 YANG Yunquan(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210033,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史文化学院,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2024年第6期45-56,共12页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：根据西汉以前的可靠史料来考察“稷下”的本来面貌,剔除后世的传说因素,可以发现“稷下先生”是受齐国国君赞助的思想群体,“稷下”是他们的集中住宅区。稷下学术是战国学术的重要组成与集中反映,但“稷下学宫”的提法却是近代以来教育史研究中一个长期误解。先秦诸子教育以“家”为主要教学场所,与文献中所描述的学校制度异途。先秦乃至汉代并无所谓“稷下学宫”的记载,稷下学者的教学方式与诸子无异。东晋以至唐宋对“稷下”“讲堂”的记述,和“孔子讲堂”“子夏石室”等一起构成了中古社会以学校制度为原型对先秦诸子教育的重构。近代以来西方文明的涌入,又进一步唤醒了中古时代“稷下”的“讲堂”记忆,“稷下学宫”作为古代高等教育传统的典型在现代学术体系中得以建立。According to the reliable historical data before the Western Han Dynasty,and eliminating the factors of later legends to investigate the original appearance of“Jixia”,it can be found that“Mr.Jixia”was the ideological group sponsored by the sovereign of the state of Qi,and“Jixia”was their central residential area.Jixia academic represents a significant aspect of the Warring States academic.However,the term“Jixia School”has been a long-standing misunderstanding in the study of educational history in modern times.The education of pre-Qin scholar took“home”as the main teaching place,which differed from the school system described in the literature.Neither the pre-Qin period nor the Han Dynasty has any records of“Jixia School Palace”,and the teaching method of Jixia scholars was the same as that of the pre-Qin scholars.The accounts of the Eastern Jin and Tang and Song Dynasties of“Jixia School”,together with“Confucius Hall”and“Zixia School”,constituted a reconstruction of the education of the pre-Qin masters based on the school system in the medieval society.The influx of western civilization in modern times has further awakened the memory of“Jixia School”in Middle Ages.“Jixia School”as a typical representative of ancient higher education tradition has been established in the modern academic system.

关 键 词：稷下学宫 先秦诸子 学校制度 高等教育 

分 类 号：K062[历史地理—历史学]