“花气袭人知昼暖”释论——兼谈《红楼梦》中的陆游诗  

An Interpretation of “The Flowers’ Aroma Hints the Warmth of the Day”——With Reference to Lu You’s Poems Mentioned in A Dream in Red Mansions

作　　者：孙文成 SUN Wencheng(Institute of Culture,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Jinan 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院文化研究所,山东济南250002

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2024年第6期136-148,共13页Qilu Journal

基　　金：泰山学者工程专项经费资助课题(tstp20230666)。

摘　　要：《红楼梦》引用陆游“花气袭人”句时,半遮半掩、刻意安插、营造巧合的精心笔法,显示出曹雪芹对此句非同一般的重视。小说中的这句诗相比陆游原诗,有“骤”改为“昼”的一字之易,这种改动并非误引,而是曹雪芹有意的匠心之举,取得了精妙的艺术效果。分析这一字之易能为红学研究中袭人形象之争等重要问题的探讨提供新的思路。“花气袭人”句的下句“鹊声穿树喜新晴”被隐含于小说文本之中,显现出宝玉在袭、晴与钗、黛间的情感倾向。出自陆游诗的“重帘不卷”一联经《红楼梦》征引,展现出清代陆诗评价的3个维度,并隐含着钗、黛之辨。陆游“风急江天”一联亦于《红楼梦》中留下踪迹,曹雪芹对其进行了恰当的化用,使得诗句符合行文逻辑的同时展露出黛玉的衷曲。《红楼梦》对陆游诗的选用,体现了清人对陆诗体裁和风格的偏好,展现出清代诗坛对于陆诗评价的不同维度,反映了陆诗在清代的风行程度和传播接受方式。The quotation of Lu You’s line“the flowers’aroma people smell”in A Dream in Red Mansions employs meticulous writing techniques,such as partial concealment,deliberate insertion and coincidental creation,thereby vividly illustrating Cao Xueqin’s exceptional attention to the line.Furthermore,the substitution of the word“days”for“sudden”within this specific line in the novel exhibits the novelist’s deliberate ingenuity rather than a misquotation,resulting in remarkable artistic effects.An analysis of this alteration can provide fresh insights into pivotal aspects like character portrayal of Xiren within redology studies.The line“sound of magpies through the trees delights in the new sunshine”that follows the“the flowers’aroma people smell”is subtly interwoven within the novel’s narrative,revealing Baoyu’s emotional inclination towards Xiren,Qingwen,Baochai,and Daiyu.Additionally,the couplet“the multilayer curtain is not rolled up”from Lu You’s poem is skillfully quoted in the novel,not only displaying three dimensions of evaluation of Lu You’s poems in the Qing Dynasty but also implicitly emphasizing the contrasting characteristics between Baochai and Daiyu.Similarly,the couplet“the wind blowing fiercely and there are no geese between the river and the sky”from Lu You’s poem resonates in A Dream in Red Mansions,adeptly adapted to fit the narrative logic and show Daiyu’s inner thoughts.All the depictions of Lu You’s poems in A Dream in Red Mansions reflect the Qing Dynasty readers’preference for specific genre and style of his poems,it illuminates the diverse evaluative perspectives within the Qing poetry world concerning Lu’s poems and reflects the prevalence and dissemination of Lu’s poetic oeuvre during the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：《红楼梦》 曹雪芹 陆游 宋诗 

分 类 号：I207.4[文学—中国文学]