《春秋》列国“同盟”考论——春秋霸主政治的礼制视角  

A Study of Tongmeng in Spring and Autumn Annuals:The Hegemonic Politics in the Spring and Autumn Period from the Ritual Perspective

作　　者：吴柱 Wu Zhu

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院 [2]山东大学中国经学研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第11期29-40,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“古文献所见周王朝会盟礼制研究”(22BZW052)。

摘　　要：《春秋》所载列国之“同盟”,本义是同礼与盟礼之合称。凡霸主召集的会盟,如果在盟礼举行之前,又有诸侯集体朝见盟主之礼,则谓之“同盟”。这在制度层面上是对周王朝会盟制度的延续,也是春秋霸主权威的礼制依据与合法性来源。但霸主召集同盟全凭己意,无须请命于王室,而春秋时期真正由周王室主持的会盟却无“同盟”之名,王室甚至还会派员参与诸侯同盟,以壮霸主声威。由此可见,霸主“同盟”名义上比拟王官伯主导的“小会同”,而实质上的政治意义却相当于天子的“大会同”。中原盟主以尊周为旗号,既是借王室之名,也是代天子行事。春秋末期甚至一度出现“周卑晋继”的舆论,在当时某些政客的观念中俨然存在一个“虞、夏、商、周、晋”的政权序列,将晋视为继周而起、代周而兴的政权。对“同盟”制度的考察,可以为我们理解春秋霸主政治和盟主的历史角色提供一个新视角。The original meaning of Tongmeng(同盟)in Spring and Autumn Annuals is a combination of the ceremony of meeting the overlord and the ceremony of taking the oath of alliance.All the meetings convened by the overlord were called Tongmeng if there was a collective ceremony of meeting the alliance leader before the ceremony of taking the oath.This is the continuation of the alliance system of the Zhou dynasty at the institutional level,and also the ritual basis and legitimacy source of the hegemonial authority in the Spring and Autumn Period.Although Tongmeng convened by the overlord is nominally similar to the dynastic Small Alliances dominated by Wang Guan Bo,its political significance is in essence equivalent to the Large Alliances of the emperor.The leader of the Central Plains Alliance held the banner of paying respect to the emperor of Zhou.He borrowed the name of the royal family and acted on behalf of the emperor.Investigating the system of Tongmeng can provide us with a new perspective to understand the hegemonic politics and the historical role of the alliance leader in the Spring and Autumn Period.

关 键 词：春秋 同盟 周王朝 王官伯 盟主 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学]