辽朝柴册礼上皇帝尊号考论  

Research on the Imperial Titles of the Emperor Conferred at the Chai Ce Ceremony in the Liao Dynasty

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作  者:程麒 Cheng Qi

机构地区:[1]吉林大学文学院中国史系,吉林长春130012

出  处:《史学月刊》2024年第11期62-75,共14页Journal of Historical Science

摘  要:辽朝国俗柴册礼具有上皇帝尊号的功能。据《辽史》记载,辽朝有七位皇帝在位期间举行过柴册礼,其中太宗朝举行过两次;在这八次柴册礼中,仅世宗通过柴册礼上尊号。查检宋人记述以及辽代石刻文献却发现,辽朝中后期用柴册礼上皇帝尊号已成定制,兴宗、道宗、天祚帝在位期间均有此举。柴册礼主要为辽朝皇帝上汉式尊号,契丹臣僚赞礼、观礼。具体仪式包括有司奉册、读册及皇帝受册等。辽朝通过柴册礼上皇帝尊号,对内兼采契、汉之制,强化辽朝皇帝契、汉等民族共主的身份;对外则通过柴册礼所上皇帝尊号的传播,达到宣扬正统的目的。The Chai Ce ceremony,a national custom of the Liao dynasty,served the function of conferring imperial titles upon the emperor.According to the History of Liao,seven emperors of the Liao dynasty held the Chai Ce ceremony during their reigns,with Emperor Taizong holding it twice.Among these eight Chai Ce ceremonies,only Emperor Shizong received an imperial title through the ceremony.By delving into the records of the Song writers and the stone inscriptions of Liao,it is discovered that the conferment of imperial titles through the Chai Ce ceremony became an established practice in the mid-to-late period of the Liao dynasty,with Emperor Xingzong,Emperor Daozong,and Emperor Tianzuo all receiving imperial titles through this ceremony.The ritual institution for conferring imperial titles at the Chai Ce ceremony primarily involved the emperor of Liao receiving a Chinese-style imperial title,with Khitan officials expressing their praises and appreciations during the ceremony.The concrete ceremony included the relevant officials presenting the imperial scroll,reading the scroll,and the emperor accepting the scroll.Internally,the practice of conferring imperial titles upon the emperor at the Chai Ce ceremony in the Liao dynasty aimed to adopt the rituals of the Khitan and the Han ethnic groups,strengthening the identity of the emperor of Liao as the common leader of both the Khitan and the Han ethnic groups.Externally,it served to promote the legitimacy of the Liao dynasty through the dissemination of the imperial titles conferred upon the emperor at the Chai Ce ceremony.

关 键 词:辽朝 柴册礼 皇帝尊号 

分 类 号:K246.1[历史地理—历史学]

 

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