清末民初西南边疆电力产业的技术引进与本地化  

Technology Introduction and the Localization of Electricity Industry in the Southwest Border Provinces During the Late Qing and Early Republican Periods

作　　者：徐毅[1] 梁婷婷 Xu Yi;Liang Tingting

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,桂林541001

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期135-147,234,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：用友基金会“商的长城”一般项目“20世纪30年代中国进口替代型工业产品的大流通研究及数据库建设”(2022-Y02)。

摘　　要：面对第二次工业革命以来西方电力技术的全球扩散和资本输出,西南边疆三省进行了积极回应,兴办电厂,自主引进、消化电力技术。各个电厂发挥当地水、煤和木炭等能源丰富廉价的优势,避开资本与人才匮乏的劣势,选择低成本、小规模、易操作的发电机组和电力系统的自主引进路径。继而,它们又以本地市场需求为动力,以本地融资渠道为保障,在器物层面上改进技术,升级设备和扩大规模;在人员层面上,采用周期短、见效快的学徒制培养本地技术人员,在20世纪前20年实现了从电力技术的自主引进到初步消化,为20世纪30年代—40年代电力产业的本地化发展打下了坚实基础。清末民初西南边疆电力技术的自主引进与初步消化体现了近代中国资本密集型产业本土化发展的一种路径探索。In the face of global proliferation and capital export of Western power technology the three southwestern border provinces responded,since the Second Industrial Revolution,positively by building power plants and independently introducing and digesting power technology.Taking advantage of the abundance and cheapness of such local energy sources as water,coal and charcoal,and avoiding the disadvantages of the lack of capital and human resources,the power plants chose the path of independent introduction of lowcost,small-scale and easy-to-operate generating units and power systems.Then,with the local market demand as the driving force and local financing channels as the guarantee,they improved the technology,upgraded the equipment and enlarged the scale at the instrumental level.At the personnel level,they adopted the apprenticeship system,with a short period of time and quick effect,to train local technicians,thus realizing from the independent introduction of electric power technology to the initial digestion in the first 20 years of the 20th century,and laying down a solid foundation for the local development of the electric power industry in the 1930s and 1940s.The southwestern borderlands witnessed their power plants taking the independent introduction and initial digestion of power technology in the late Qing and early Republican period reflecting a tentative path to the localization of capital-intensive industries in modern China.

关 键 词：清末民初 西南边疆 电力产业 技术引进 本地化 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济] K25[历史地理—历史学]