单双之辨、高低之分、有无之别——论现代汉语表达来源语义的增价结构的句法  

The Syntax of the Source Applicative Construction in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：邓盾 Deng Dun

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学中国语言及文学系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期148-165,234,共19页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：对“老王吃了他三个苹果”这类句子的分析,至少牵涉三方面的问题。第一,这类句子是单宾还是双宾结构?第二,若为双宾结构,间接宾语的句法位置是高还是低?第三,在分析这类句子尤其是解释句中间接宾语的出现时,是否需要假设空的轻动词?基于事实归纳,采用“{话题+施事论元}+动词+增价论元来源+直接宾语”这一表层序列代表研究对象,对上述三个问题发表看法。首先对序列内的每个组成部分进行描写,并在描写过程中澄清事实定性方面的相关问题。基于描写,提出上述序列是双宾结构,充当间接宾语的是由动词词组之上的高位增价轻动词引入的增价论元,其论旨角色为来源,指称句子直接宾语所指的来源或领有者。接着给出刻画上述序列内部构造的句法表达式,并借助表达式解释与序列密切相关的诸多语言事实。最后比较上述句法方案与文献上提出的不借助轻动词的方案,指出增价轻动词的引入可对研究对象提供更深入的描写刻画。从发掘汉语事实并经由汉语个性揭示人类语言共性这一研究目标出发,主张汉语语法研究应对轻动词持审慎的拿来主义态度,不宜全盘否定或随意滥用。This article investigates the syntax of a controversial construction in Mandarin Chinese,which has the surface form{(XPTopic)+(DPAgent)}+Verb+DP1+DP2 as exemplified by sentences like Laowang chi le ta san ge pingguo“Old Wang ate three of his apples”.Based on detailed descriptions of each of the five components of the construction,the author argues that it is the source applicative construction,where DP1 is the applied argument introduced by a high applicative head and functions as the indirect object.The author also argues that DP1 has the theta role of Source rather than affectee and denotes the source or possessor from which the denotation of the direct object DP2 comes.By comparing the author's proposal with a proposal in the literature that does not rely on null light verbs,the author shows that the high applicative head postulated in his proposal is empirically motivated and sheds light on the pursuit of linguistic universals and the account for language variations in the study of Mandarin grammar.

关 键 词：双宾 增价结构 来源语义 轻动词 现代汉语 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]