十大孔兑复合侵蚀区泥沙阻控与近自然生态修复关键科学技术问题  

Sediment Control and Near⁃Natural Ecological Restoration in Wind⁃Water Complex Erosion Area of the Top Ten Tributaries

作　　者：张红武[1] 刘广全[2] 张宽地[3] 史世斌 穆兴民[3] 王玲玲[5] 高丽娜 ZHANG Hongwu;LIU Guangquan;ZHANG Kuandi;SHI Shibin;MU Xingmin;WANG Lingling;GAO Lina(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Institute of Water Resourcrs and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Resources Science Research Institute,Hohhot 010051,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [4]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [5]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第12期1-10,共10页Yellow River

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2024JBGS0016);鄂尔多斯市水利科技重点基金资助项目(20232000090)。

摘　　要：十大孔兑复合侵蚀区水力侵蚀严重、产沙输沙机理复杂、治理难度大、流域水沙风沙入黄量大、生态系统稳定性差。在阐述区域防沙治沙背景、研究现状与目标基础上,指出需要解决的3个重大关键科学问题:十大孔兑复合侵蚀及洪沙产输的驱动机制,维持植被生态系统稳定性的广义水资源承载力及其阈值,十大孔兑泥沙阻控技术和近自然生态修复技术研发与集成。归纳科技创新项目拟解决的关键技术问题,并梳理分解为6个方面的研究内容:风水复合水土流失过程辨识及水沙合理处置的生态修复空间区划,基于不同生态修复空间布局和乡土植物优化配置的泥沙有效阻控技术研发,山水林田湖草沙多维梯级协同治理技术研发,基于水资源刚性约束的人工退化植被稳定性维持与提质增效技术研发,多位一体近自然生态修复技术体系与模式构建,罕台川丘陵沟壑区、达拉特旗“三北”工程治理区、黑赖沟恩格贝生态建设区等示范研究。Soil and water loss in the sandstone area of the upper top ten tributaries is very serious with severe water erosion of the area,seri⁃ous difficulty to control soil loss,large amount of soil into the Yellow River and poor stability of ecosystem.The objectives of this paper,namely the scientific and technical issues in the study,were to analyze the driving mechanisms of complex erosion and flood⁃sand production and transport in the top ten tributaries,determine the generalized water carrying capacity and thresholds for maintaining the stability of vege⁃tated ecosystems,and develop the sediment control technology and near⁃natural ecological restoration technique in the area.Six major re⁃search components were listed based on the elaboration of the background of sand prevention and sand control and the current status of re⁃search in the Yellow River Basin:a)Recognizing the process of wind⁃water composite soil and water erosion,and zoning of ecological resto⁃ration space for rational disposal of water and sand.b)Researching and developing the sediment deterrent and control technologies based on different ecological restoration space layouts and optimal allocation of native plants.c)Researching and developing of multi⁃dimensional ter⁃raced synergistic management technology for mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes,grasses and sands.d)Researching and developing techniques for maintaining the stability and improving the quality of artificially degraded vegetation based on rigid water resources constraints.e)Building a diversified near⁃natural ecological restoration technology system and model.f)Demonstration study on Hantaichuan gullied roll⁃ing loess area,Dalat“Three⁃North”Project management area and Heilaigou Engebei ecological building area.

关 键 词：泥沙阻控 生态修复 复合侵蚀 十大孔兑 黄河 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]