PAM施用方式对黄绵土工程堆积体侵蚀产沙的影响  

Effects of PAM Application Methods on the Erosion Sediments of Loessal Soil Engineering Accumulation

作　　者：罗东 邹超煜 白岗栓[3] LUO Dong;ZOU Chaoyu;BAI Gangshuan(Shaanxi Yian Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710021,China;Ji’an Wetland Protection Center,Ji’an 343000,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西怡安建设工程有限公司,陕西西安710021 [2]吉安市湿地保护中心,江西吉安343000 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第12期110-116,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501602)。

摘　　要：PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)可用于控制土壤侵蚀、防治水土流失。为探寻施用PAM的最佳方式、促进PAM在水土流失防治实践中的推广应用,于2022年5—10月,在黄土丘陵沟壑区设置圆锥状黄绵土工程堆积体,以不施用PAM为对照,按照2.0 g/m2的施用量采取先喷水后干撒PAM、先干撒PAM后喷水、直接喷施PAM溶液3种方式在黄绵土工程堆积体表面施用PAM,监测了PAM不同施用方式的黄绵土工程堆积体在自然降雨情况下的地表径流量、侵蚀产沙量、细沟发育数量、土壤含水量、土壤容重等。结果表明:3种方式施用PAM均可增大产流次数、径流量、径流系数,减小侵蚀产沙量、细沟发育数量、细沟侵蚀量、细沟侵蚀系数,降低土壤含水量,其效果优劣排序为直接喷施PAM溶液>先干撒PAM后喷水>先喷水后干撒PAM,先干撒PAM后喷水与直接喷施PAM溶液效果相当。从便于操作和确保效果两方面综合考虑,建议采用先干撒PAM后喷水的施用方式,或根据天气预报在降雨前干撒PAM。PAM(polyacrylamide)had been used to control and prevent soil erosion.In order to explore the best way to apply PAM and pro⁃mote the application of PAM in soil erosion control practice,conical loessal soil engineering accumulation was set up in the gullied rolling lo⁃ess area,with no application PAM as the control,according to the application amount of 2.0 g/m2,PAM was applied on the surface of loess⁃al soil engineering accumulation by spraying water first and then dry scattering PAM,dry scattering PAM first and then spraying water,and directly spraying PAM solution from May to October 2022,the surface runoff,erosion sediments,rill development,soil moisture and soil bulk density of loessal soil engineering accumulation with different PAM application methods were monitored under natural rainfall conditions.The results show that the application of PAM in three ways can increase the runoff frequency,surface runoff and runoff coefficient,and can reduce the amount of sediment yield,the number of rill development,the amount of rill erosion,the erosion coefficient of rill and the soil wa⁃ter content.Their effects are ranked as directly spraying PAM solution>dry scattering PAM first and then spraying water>spraying water first and then dry scattering PAM.The effect of dry scattering PAM first and then spraying water spraying is equivalent to that of directly spra⁃ying PAM solution.Considering the convenience of operation and ensuring the effect,PAM application mode is recommended to be dry scat⁃tering PAM first and then spraying water,or according to the weather forecast,directly dry scattering PAM before rainfall.

关 键 词：PAM 施用方式 工程堆积体 地表径流 侵蚀产沙 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]