尼山-峄山区外来入侵草本植物风险评估  

Risk assessment of invasive alien herbaceous plants in the Nishan-Yishan area

作　　者：刘晶 杨艺涵 钱永强[1] 陈雨峰 刘丹 解孝满 刘岳含 柳鑫 邹博坤 LIU Jing;YANG Yi-han;QIAN Yong-qiang;CHEN Yu-feng;LIU Dan;XIE Xiao-man;LIU Yue-han;LIU Xin;ZOU Bo-kun(Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources,Ji’nan 250102,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grassland Station/Grassland Research and Technology Promotion Department,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091 [2]山东省林草种质资源中心,山东济南250102 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站/草原研究与技术推广科,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第11期1-14,共14页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：山东省林草种质资源中心草本植物种质资源普查外业调查项目(SDGP370000000202202004592)资助。

摘　　要：外来入侵植物对山东省生物多样性和生态系统稳定性构成较大威胁,通过实地调查并分析外来入侵植物的组成特征和风险等级,可以为山东省的生物入侵防控以及外来物种管理提供科学依据。本研究构建了针对尼山-峄山地区生态环境特点的外来入侵植物评估体系,并运用层次分析法对区域内外来入侵草本植物进行风险评估,最终将其划分为4个风险等级。统计结果表明,尼山-峄山区共有入侵草本植物23科56属74种,菊科为最大优势科,有14属20种。生活型以一年生、一年或二年生草本植物为主,共56种;原产地大部分来自美洲,共49种;经风险评估,共确定恶性入侵植物9种,隶属于6科8属,其中小蓬草和垂序商陆评价得分较高,显示出具有较高的入侵性和危害性。此外,局部入侵植物18种,一般入侵植物19种,有待观察类28种,这些植物可能对当地生态系统产生一定的影响,但程度较轻。本研究采用定性和定量相结合的方法,全面评估了外来植物入侵的概率以及对当地生态系统造成的潜在危害。并基于风险评估结果,制定相应的管理策略,旨在为防范外来植物入侵和保护生态安全提供科学依据和保障措施。Invasive alien plants pose a significant threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability in Shandong Province.In this study,we conducted a field investigation and analyzed the vegetation composition characteristics and risk levels of alien invasive plant species,with an aim to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of invasions and for the management of alien species in Shandong Province.We established an invasive alien plant assessment system adapted to the ecological environmental characteristics of the Nishan-Yishan area.We used an analytic hierarchy process to assess the relative invasion risk of each species in the Nishan-Yishan area,and classified the species into four invasion risk grades.In total,74 species of invasive herbaceous plants belonging to 23 families and 56 genera were identified in Nishan-Yishan.Asteraceae was the dominant family among the invasive species,with 14 genera and 20 species.Of the 74 species of invasive plants,56 species were annual or biennial herbs,and 49 species originated from the Americas.In the risk assessment,nine species were classified as aggressive invaders,and these included eight genera and seven families.Conyza canadensis and Phytolacca americana had the highest invasion risk score,and were classified as extremely invasive.Additionally,18 species were classified as locally invasive,and 19 species were classified as generally invasive.Twenty-eight species required further analysis—these species had a relatively light influence on ecosystem services and the economy.Qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted on both the probability of invasion and potential harm caused by these alien plants to local ecosystems.Based on the invasion risks identified through this assessment,corresponding management practices can be effectively implemented to prevent invasions while safeguarding ecological security.

关 键 词：尼山-峄山区 外来入侵植物 风险评估 风险管理 入侵现状 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]