青藏高原蕨麻的分子谱系地理学研究  

Phylogeography of Potentilla anserina distributed across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：白世俊 李军乔[1,2,3] 刘欣 吕博文[1,2,3] BAI Shi-jun;LI Jun-qiao;LIU Xin;LYU Bo-wen(College of Ecological Environment and Resources,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,China;Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007,China;Tibetan Plateau Juema(Potentilla anserina)Research Centre,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁810007 [2]青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海西宁810007 [3]青海民族大学青藏高原蕨麻产业研究院,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第11期84-105,共22页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划-蕨麻种质资源保存及品种提纯复壮关键技术研究与示范(2022-NK-120);青海省创新平台建设专项-青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室(2022-ZJ-Y01)资助。

摘　　要：青藏高原的隆升以及第四纪冰期气候的循环波动,对于青藏高原及其周边地区动植物的分布和遗传结构具有很大的影响。蕨麻是青藏高原极富营养、药用和生态价值的特有植物资源,蕨麻和鹅绒委陵菜的分类关系及分布在学术界存在争议,分子谱系地理学研究将为蕨麻遗传多样性形成机制及推断该物种迁移演化历史提供依据。以蕨麻为研究对象,对采集的30个居群的810个个体进行了叶绿体trnL-trnF序列和核基因ITS测序,揭示遗传变异在居群内和居群间的分布格局,结合群体遗传学和系统发生学,分析该物种的遗传结构与历史事件之间的关联,揭示物种及物种内不同种群形成现有分布格局的历史原因和演化过程。主要结论有:1)蕨麻具有较高水平的遗传多样性。cpDNA trnL-trnF片段共检测到40种单倍型,16个为共享单倍型,占比40%,24个为居群特有单倍型,占比60%,遗传多样性h=0.7078,单倍型多样性Hd=0.8217,核苷酸多样性π=0.010641,总遗传多样性HT=0.849;nrDNA ITS片段共检测到128种单倍型,共享单倍型42种,占比32.8%,居群特有单倍型86种,占比67.2%,遗传多样性h=0.7633,单倍型多样性Hd=0.8168,核苷酸多样性π=0.003584,总遗传多样性HT=0.844。2)居群内的遗传多样性大于居群间的遗传多样性。序列分析结果为居群内和居群间的遗传多样性都很高(cpDNA trnL-trnF:HT=0.849,居群内平均遗传多样性HS=0.640;nrDNA ITS序列:HT=0.844,HS=0.763,HT均大于HS)。蕨麻居群分为3个组:青海高原组、横断山脉组和藏南谷地组。蕨麻的遗传变异主要来源于居群内部。3)蕨麻种群具有明显的谱系地理结构。cpDNA trnL-trnF序列和nrDNA ITS遗传多态性分析及地理分布模式检验,cpDNA trnL-trnF序列:遗传分化系数G_(ST)=0.246,N_(ST)=0.417,nrDNA ITS序列:G_(ST)=0.096,N_(ST)=0.522,N_(ST)均显著大于G_(ST)(P<0.001),表明蕨麻所有居群单倍型存在显著的谱系地理结构,两种�The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the cyclic fluctuation of the climate during the Quaternary Ice Age have greatly affected the distribution and genetic structure of plants and animals in this area and neighboring areas.Juema is an endemic plant of the Tibetan Plateau with high nutritional,medicinal,and ecological values.The taxonomic relationship and distribution of juema and Potentilla anserina are controversial in academia.Therefore,we conducted molecular genealogical and geographical analyses to explore the formation of genetic diversity in juema and to infer its migratory evolutionary history.We collected 810 individual plants from 30 populations and determined the sequences of their chloroplast trnL-trnF and nuclear internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions.The data were analyzed to reveal the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations,and combined population genetics and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between the genetic structure of the species and historical events.The aim of these analyses was to determine the evolutionary history of the species and the reasons for the current distribution pattern of different populations within the species.The main results were as follows:1)Juema shows a high level of genetic diversity.Forty haplotypes of the cpDNA trnL-trnF fragment were detected,including 16 shared haplotypes,accounting for 40%of the total,and 24 population-specific haplotypes,accounting for 60%of the total(genetic diversity h=0.7078,haplotype diversity Hd=0.8217,nucleotide diversityπ=0.010641,total genetic diversity HT=0.849).For the ITS region,128 haplotypes were detected,including 42 shared haplotypes,accounting for 32.8%of the total,and 86 population-specific haplotypes,accounting for 67.2%of the total(h=0.7633,Hd=0.8168,π=0.003584,and HT=0.844).2)Genetic diversity is greater within than among populations.Sequence analyses revealed high genetic diversity both within and among populations(cpDNA trnL-trnF:HT=0.849,gene diversity wit

关 键 词：蕨麻 叶绿体trnL-trnF序列 核基因ITS 青藏高原 分子谱系地理学 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]