江西红壤绿肥季施用磷矿粉的磷素效应  

The phosphorus effect of applying phosphate rock powder during the green manure season in red soil of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：吕帅磊 常单娜 周国朋 刘蕊 赵鑫 刘佳[3] 徐昌旭[3] 曹卫东[1] LYU Shuai-lei;CHANG Dan-na;ZHOU Guo-peng;LIU Rui;ZHAO Xin;LIU Jia;XU Chang-xu;CAO Wei-dong(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第11期149-160,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132022013);绿肥种质资源安全保存(19230869);国家作物种质资源库绿肥分库运行服务(NCGRC-2023-19);中国农业科学院科技创新工程资助。

摘　　要：绿肥-水稻轮作是我国南方稻田常见的生产模式,研究绿肥活化磷矿粉的效果及对后茬水稻产量、磷素吸收的影响,可为江西红壤利用磷矿粉替代部分磷肥提供理论支撑。在江西南昌开展盆栽试验,设置绿肥种类和磷矿粉用量双因素,绿肥种类为紫云英(MV)、油菜(RA)、黑麦草(RY)及冬闲(WF)对照;磷矿粉用量为0(P0)、0.74(P_(1))和1.48 g·kg^(-1)(P_(2)),共12个处理。测定绿肥盛花期干物重、磷素吸收量、土壤磷库和磷酸酶活性,早稻、晚稻产量及磷素吸收量。结果显示,MVP_(2)、RAP_(2)和RYP_(2)处理的地上部干物重分别为18.31、18.07和25.33 g·pot^(-1),较P0处理分别增加42.0%、42.7%和38.6%;磷素吸收量分别为49.10、60.83和36.13mg·pot^(-1),较P0处理分别提高40.5%、86.7%和45.5%。与P0处理相比,施用磷矿粉增加了不同处理土壤总磷、微生物量磷含量和稳定性磷库占比,增幅分别为13.4%~34.2%、23.0%~93.2%和4.0%~10.6%。与WF处理相比,绿肥处理活性磷库占比提高0.4%~1.0%,中等活性磷库占比降低0.6%~2.9%。各处理早稻和晚稻籽粒产量分别为26.33~45.87 g·pot^(-1)和39.17~49.04 g·pot^(-1)。与P0处理相比,MVP_(1)和MVP_(2)处理晚稻籽粒产量分别增加8.5%和11.8%,早稻籽粒磷素吸收量分别提高34.4%和23.3%,MVP_(1)处理晚稻籽粒磷素吸收量提高30.3%;RAP_(1)处理晚稻籽粒产量增加9.1%;RYP_(1)处理早稻籽粒磷素吸收量提高20.0%。与WF处理相比,MVP_(1)、RAP_(1)和RYP_(1)处理早稻季磷矿粉利用率分别提高了2.2%、1.5%和2.3%,MVP_(2)处理提高了1.9%,MVP_(1)处理晚稻季磷矿粉利用率提高了2.6%。综上,施用磷矿粉提高了绿肥生物量及磷素吸收量,紫云英和油菜活化磷矿粉效果优于黑麦草,紫云英处理后茬水稻的产量及磷素吸收量、磷矿粉利用率高于油菜和黑麦草处理。Rotation of rice and green manure crops is a common practice in red soil rice fields in southern China.This study investigated the effect of green manure on activating phosphate rock powder and its impact on the yield and phosphorus absorption of subsequent rice crops,to test the efficacy of using phosphate rock powder to replace phosphate fertilizer in red paddy soil.Pot experiments comprising two factors:green manure cultivars and rate of phosphate rock powder,were conducted in Nanchang city,Jiangxi Province.The green manure crops tested were Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus)(MV),rape(Brassica napus)(RA),and ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)(RY)with a winter fallow(WF)as control.The phosphate rock powder application rates were 0(P0),0.74(P_(1)),and 1.48 g·kg^(-1)(P_(2)).The dry weight of green manure during flowering,phosphorus absorption,the soil phosphorus pool,and phosphatase activity were measured,as well as the yield and phosphorus absorption of early and late rice.The results showed that the average aboveground dry matter weights of MVP_(2),RAP_(2),and RYP_(2)treatments were 18.31,18.07,and 25.33 g·pot^(-1),respectively.These values were increases of 42.0%,42.7%,and 38.6%,respectively,compared to the P0 treatment.The average phosphorus absorption amounts were 49.10,60.83,and 36.13 mg·pot^(-1),respectively,representing increases of 40.5%,86.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to the P0 treatment.Compared to the P0 treatment,applying phosphate rock powder increased soil total phosphorus,microbial phosphorus content,and stable phosphorus pool percentage by 13.4%-34.2%,23.0%-93.2%,and 4.0%-10.6%respectively.Compared to WF treatment,the active phosphorus pool ratio in green manure treatments increased by 0.4%-1.0%,while the moderately active phosphorus pool ratio decreased by 0.6%-2.9%.The average grain yields of early and late rice were 26.33-45.87 g·pot^(-1)and 39.17-49.04 g·pot^(-1)respectively.Compared to the P0 treatment,the late rice grain yield increased by 8.5%and 11.8%in the MVP_(1)and MVP_(2)trea

关 键 词：绿肥 磷矿粉 水稻产量 水稻磷素吸收 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S143.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]