地理因子对青藏高原野生垂穗披碱草表型及种子产量的影响  

Effect of geographic factors on phenotypic traits and seed yield of Elymus nutans on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：王凤宇 梁国玲[1] 胡泽龙 刘文辉[1] WANG Feng-yu;LIANG Guo-ling;HU Ze-long;LIU Wen-hui(Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院),青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第11期198-214,共17页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：披碱草属重要牧草适应高寒环境的分子生态学机制(U20A2050);青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室(2024)资助。

摘　　要：以青藏高原地区不同来源的20份垂穗披碱草为研究对象,在青海省海北藏族自治州海晏县探究地理因子对其表型性状和种子产量的影响。选择出适宜采集垂穗披碱草材料的地理位置和海拔梯度,旨在为青藏高原垂穗披碱草种质资源的筛选和品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明:垂穗披碱草表型性状变异系数为6.560%~33.164%,各性状多样性指数均在1.4以上,说明种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。结构方程表明:旗叶长、花序长、穗轴第一节间长和单序籽粒重是影响种子产量的最主要影响因子;相关性分析发现,旗叶长、花序长、穗轴第一节间长、单序籽粒重以及种子产量受地理因子影响较大,均随着海拔的升高而降低,随着经度、纬度的升高而升高。通过聚类分析得出,分布在海拔为2600~3350 m,经度为101°E左右和纬度为35°-37°N的植物叶部和穗部性状表现优异并且具有丰富的变异类型,可以在此区域进行优良垂穗披碱草种质资源的筛选和品种选育。This research explored the effects of geographic factors on phenotypic traits and seed yield in Haiyan County,Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,using 20 lines of Elymus nutans from different sources in the Tibetan Plateau region.A range of geographic locations and altitudinal gradients were selected for the collection of E.nutans,with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the screening of E.nutans resources and breeding varieties on the Tibetan Plateau.The results were as follows:The coefficients of variation of the phenotypic traits ranged from 6.560%to 33.164%,and the diversity indices of each trait were above 1.4,indicating that the germplasm resources have rich genetic diversity.A structural equation model showed that flag leaf length,inflorescence length,rachis length of the first internode and seed weight per inflorescence were the most important factors affecting the seed yield of E.nutans.Correlation analysis showed that flag leaf length,inflorescence length,rachis length of the first internode,seed weight per inflorescence and seed yield were more affected by geographic factors.Values for all of the above phenotypic traits decreased with increasing altitude and increased with increasing longitude and latitude.Through cluster analysis,it was concluded that plants found in the altitude range of 2600-3350 m,at longitudes near 101°E and in the latitude range between 35°-37°N have excellent values for leaf and spike traits and are rich in varietal type.Therefore this area can be used for the selection and breeding of the germplasm resources of the excellent E.nutans.

关 键 词：垂穗披碱草 表型性状 种子产量性状 地理因子 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]