耐热铝合金在航空领域中的研究进展与发展趋势  

Research progress and development trend of heat-resistant aluminum alloys in aerospace industry

作　　者：陈汉 伍鹏程 张涛[2,3] 匡蜀黔 张良贤 赵科[2,3] 刘金铃[2,3] CHEN Han;WU Pengcheng;ZHANG Tao;KUANG Shuqian;ZHANG Liangxian;ZHAO Ke;LIU Jinling(AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610073,China;School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]航空工业成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,成都610073 [2]西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院,成都611756 [3]西南交通大学应用力学与结构安全四川省重点实验室,成都611756

出　　处：《航空材料学报》2024年第6期1-15,共15页Journal of Aeronautical Materials

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2020YFG0140);成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司咨询项目(23-1-A27-0011)。

摘　　要：超声速飞机的发展对能够在300~500℃服役的耐热铝合金材料有迫切需求。然而,耐热铝合金的高温力学性能还无法满足实际应用需求,因此,需要从材料成分设计和显微结构控制等方面开展进一步的研究,提高耐热铝合金的综合力学性能。本文从微合金化设计和共晶合金两个方面综述了耐热铝合金的相关研究进展,并且展望了耐热铝合金研究的发展趋势。文章首先系统介绍了Al-Sc系、Al-Cu系、Al-Si系和Al-Mg系耐热铝合金的发展历史与研究现状,重点讨论了耐热铝合金的微合金化设计思想,以及过渡金属元素和稀土元素对析出相、组织结构和力学性能的影响。接着,全面总结了Al-Fe系、Al-Ni系、Al-Ce系和Al-Si系耐热共晶铝合金的发展现状,重点介绍了快速凝固技术和增材制造技术对发展耐热共晶铝合金产生的重要推动作用。最后,分析了新型耐热铝合金开发及应用所面临的主要问题,并从数据驱动的成分设计、高通量实验验证、工程应用研究和标准体系建设等角度探讨了未来耐热铝合金研究的发展趋势。The development of supersonic aircraft has created an urgent demand for heat-resistant aluminum alloy that can serve at the temperatures range from 300℃to 500℃.However,the high-temperature mechanical properties of heat-resistant aluminum alloys are still unable to meet practical application requirements.Therefore,further research is needed from the aspects of material composition design and microstructure control to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of heat-resistant aluminum alloys.In this paper,the research progress of heat-resistant aluminum alloys is reviewed from the aspects of microalloying design and eutectic alloys,and the development trend of heat-resistant aluminum alloys is prospected.The article first systematically introduces the development history and research status of Al-Sc,Al-Cu,Al-Si,and Al-Mg heat-resistant aluminum alloys,focusing on the microalloying design ideas of heat-resistant aluminum alloys,as well as the effects of transition metal elements and rare earth elements on precipitation phases,microstructure,and mechanical properties.Subsequently,the development status of heat-resistant eutectic aluminum alloys in Al-Fe,Al-Ni,Al-Ce,and Al-Si systems is comprehensively summarized,with a focus on the important role of rapid solidification technology and additive manufacturing technology in promoting the development of heat-resistant eutectic aluminum alloys.Finally,the main problems faced in the development and application of new heat-resistant aluminum alloys are analyzed,and the development trends of future research on heat-resistant aluminum alloy is discussed from the perspectives of data-driven composition design,high-throughput experimental verification,engineering application research,and standard system construction.

关 键 词：耐热铝合金 微合金化 快速凝固 增材制造 力学性能 

分 类 号：V252.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB331[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]