小额信贷能触及低收入群体吗?  

Can Microcredit Reach Low-income Groups?

作　　者：张龙耀 李欣蕾 ZHANG Longyao;LI Xinlei(School of Finance,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学金融学院,南京210095

出　　处：《云南财经大学学报》2024年第12期45-63,共19页Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国农村数字金融的风险管理和普惠效应:基于机器学习和实验经济的追踪研究”(72473069)。

摘　　要：如何精确瞄准小额信贷受益群体、充分发挥小额信贷在农村金融生态的价值,是推动减贫和促进农村经济发展的要求所在。基于6省份2110户农户的调查数据,采用Logit模型考察小额信贷的低收入群体触达能力。研究发现,虽然较之正规信贷而言,小额信贷更高比例服务了财富水平较低的农户群体,拥有更为明显的低收入群体触达能力,但与正规信贷一致的是,小额信贷对于赤贫农户也会采取排斥策略。进一步地,通过分样本回归发现,小组贷款向个人贷款的商业化转变并不必然导致小额信贷低收入群体触达能力的变化,而机构规模、机构成立年限、当地金融市场竞争程度会显著影响小额信贷机构的低收入群体触达能力。How to accurately target the beneficiaries of microcredit and fully realize its value in the rural financial ecosystem is essential for poverty alleviation and promoting rural economic development.Based on the survey data from 2,110 rural households across six provinces,Logit model is used to examine the ability of microcredit to reach low-income groups.The results show that compared with formal credit,microcredit serves a higher proportion of low-wealth rural households and has a more pronounced ability to reach low-income groups.However,similar to formal credit,microcredit also tends to exclude the extremely poor rural households.Further sample regression analysis reveals that the commercialization change from group loans into individual loans does not necessarily alter the ability of microcredit to reach low-income groups,while factors such as the size of the institution,years of establishment,and the competition degree in the local financial market significantly affect the reachability of the institution to serve low-income groups.

关 键 词：小额信贷 低收入群体 触达能力 LOGIT模型 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学]