尝试用量子力学概念表述Compton散射的能量和动量守恒  

ATTEMPT AT FORMULATING THE CONSERVATIONS OF ENERGY AND MOMENTUM IN COMPTON SCATTERING WITH QUANTUM MECHANICAL CONCEPTS

作　　者：范乐乐 王锋 曾天海[1] FAN Lele;WANG Feng;ZENG Tianhai(School of Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学物理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第4期5-10,共6页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11875086)资助;北京市自然科学基金(1242026)资助。

摘　　要：Bohr等人曾经认为,微观过程中能量和动量守恒是统计的守恒。Bothe等人用Compton散射实验验证了X射线的光子和电子的单次碰撞前后的总能量和总动量守恒严格有效,这样的结果也否定了统计的守恒。一些量子力学书的引言中,Compton散射实验的系统总能量和总动量严格守恒的表述还没用到量子力学概念。与此不同,本文目的是尝试用量子力学概念来表述。量子力学书中没有表述物理量的严格守恒和统计守恒。期刊文章中涉及的strict conservation(严格守恒)或conservation与我们的观点不同。我们的观点是,孤立复合系统内部交换能量和动量,在系统状态的演化过程中总能量和总动量严格守恒,而子系统的动量和动能(相互作用势能不完全属于哪个子系统)统计守恒。本文通信作者与合作者的文章(Int.J.Theor.Phys.,2020,59:229)中用了物理量strict conservation和statistical conservation(统计守恒)的提法(本文又作了更确切的表述,与守恒量表述有所不同),加上纠缠态和本征值等概念提供了孤立复合系统的总动量严格守恒和子系统的动量统计守恒的表述方式。本文又尝试用这些概念及混合态来表述Compton散射实验的总能量及总动量的严格守恒,同时,也说明了子系统的能量(散射后无相互作用)和动量统计守恒。因此,可以用量子力学概念来表述孤立复合系统的一些物理量严格守恒、子系统的一些物理量统计守恒。Bohr et al.once believed that both the conservation of energy and the conservation of momentum in a microscopic process are statistically conserved.And then Bothe et al.veri-fied that the laws of the conservations of total energy and total momentum of an electron and an X-ray photon before and after a single collision are strictly valid by using the Compton scat-tering experiment,and such results also denied statistical conservation.There are expressions about strict conservations of total energy and total momentum of the system in Compton scattering experiment without quantum mechanical concepts in the introductions of some quantum mechanics books.Different from this,the aim of this paper is attempt to express those with quantum mechanical concepts.There is no expression about the strict conservation and the statistical conservation of physical quantities in quantum mechanics books.Our viewpoints are that the total energy and the total momentum of an isolated system are strict conservation by exchanging energy and momentum within the system in the evolution of the system state,and the momentum and kinetic energy(an interaction energy is not all belong to anyone subsys-tem)of a subsystem are statistical conservation.The“strict conservation”in journal articles is different from ours.A recent paper by the corresponding author of this paper and his coau-thors(Int.J Theor.Phys.,2020,59:229)used the terms of strict conservation and statistical conservation(we offer more precise statements in this paper,and these statements have some differences with that of a conserved physical quantity),and offered the expression ways of the strict conservation of total momentum for an isolated composite system and the statistical con-servation of momentum for a subsystem in terms of the concepts of entangled states and ei-genvalues.In this paper,we try to use these concepts and mixed states to express the strict conservations of total energy and total momentum of the system before and after a Compton scattering,and also explain

关 键 词：COMPTON散射 严格守恒 统计守恒 纠缠态 混合态 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]