说说磁矩在外磁场中的受力之做功和势能  

A COMMENT ON THE WORK AND POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A MAGNETIC MOMENT IN AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD

作　　者：刘纯 LIU Chun(Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100190;School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理论物理研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学物理科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第5期5-8,共4页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：在经典电动力学,磁偶极子(电流环)在外磁场中的受力之做功和电磁感应相关,一般没有势能的概念;在量子力学里,磁偶极子(电子自旋)在外磁场中有势能。我们讨论经典和量子情形的微妙差别,试图给出二者关系的一种自然理解。In classical electrodynamics,the work of a magnetic dipole(current loop)done by external magnetic field is related to electromagnetic induction,and there is generally no potential energy conceptionally.In quantum mechanics,a magnetic dipole(electron spin)does have potential energy in an external magnetic field.We discuss the subtle differences between classical and quantum situations,and try to understand their relation in a natural way.

关 键 词：磁偶极矩 磁偶极矩在磁场中的能量 

分 类 号：O442[理学—电磁学]