统计物理学中关于平动运动边界条件的教学实践  

TEACHING PRACTICE ON BOUNDARY CONDITIONS OF TRANSLATIONAL MOTION IN STATISTICAL PHYSICS

作　　者：陈培锋[1] 王铭海 钱壮林 CHEN Peifeng;WANG Minghai;QIAN Zhuanglin(School of Optics and Electronic Information,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学光学与电子信息学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第5期9-12,共4页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：热力学统计物理教材中求解平动运动粒子的波函数时,对于边界条件往往任意选择无限深势阱模型和周期性边界条件中的一种。由于两种边界条件下求解得到的单位能量间隔中量子态数是完全一致的,因此边界条件的具体形式不会影响统计物理研究问题的结果。然而,边界条件的选择对于学生理解上下游特定课程的具体内容是有一定影响的,部分课程中存在着不同的概念应用,本文建议在热力学统计物理课程中还是应该将两种不同边界条件的适用范围给以详细说明。In thermodynamics and statistical physics textbooks,when solving for the wave function of translational particles,one of the infinite-potential-well model and periodic boundary conditions is often arbitrarily chosen for the boundary conditions.Since the number of quantum states per unit energy interval obtained under the two boundary conditions is exactly the same,the specific form of the boundary conditions will not affect the results of statistical physics research.However,the choice of boundary conditions does have some impact on studentsunderstanding of the specific content of upstream and downstream courses,as some courses involve different conceptual applications.This paper suggests that in the course of thermodynamics and statistical physics,the scope of application of the two different boundary conditions should still be explained in detail.

关 键 词：热力学统计物理 周期性边界条件 无限深势阱模型 

分 类 号：O414.2-4[理学—理论物理] G642[理学—物理]