固体火箭发动机壳体碳纤维复合材料的溶胀降解  

Swelling Degradation of Carbon Fiber Composites in Solid Rocket Engine Shells

作　　者：聂婷 王焕春 李瑞怡 马岚 王煊军 NIE Ting;WANG Huanchun;LI Ruiyi;MA Lan;WANG Xuanjun(Zhijian Laboratory,Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi'an 710025,China;Missile Engineering College,Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi'an 710025,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Energy Chemistry and Materials,Xi'an 710025,China)

机构地区：[1]火箭军工程大学智剑实验室,西安710025 [2]火箭军工程大学导弹工程学院,西安710025 [3]陕西省特种能源化学与材料重点实验室,西安710025

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2024年第11期82-91,共10页Equipment Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：目的 降解固体发动机壳体,回收其高性能碳纤维。方法 首先通过N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、乙酸(CH3COOH)4种有机溶剂对混合树脂为基体的CFRP溶胀效果比较,分析不同的因素(温度、时间)对溶胀的影响。然后将溶胀后的固体发动机壳体复合材料在二乙二醇(DEG)-氢氧化钾(KOH)体系中低温常压降解处理。结果 经过2h溶胀处理,NMP对固体发动机壳体复合材料具有最好的溶胀效果,溶胀率达到180.81%,远超DMF、DMAC、CH3COOH溶胀效果。温度对各溶剂的溶胀效果均存在明显的影响。溶胀溶剂与聚合物基体基本不发生化学反应。可通过旋转蒸发再生。在DEG-KOH体系中,树脂降解率接近100%,同时可得到表面清洁、力学性能保留90%以上的碳纤维(CF)。结论 得到了一种固体发动机壳体复合材料绿色处理的手段,实现了胺固化环氧树脂基碳纤维复合材料的降解回收。The work aims to degrade solid engineshell and recycle its high-performance carbon fiber.The swelling effect of N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP),dimethylformamide(DMF),dimethylacetamide(DMAC)and acetic acid(CH3COOH)on CFRP based on mixed resin was compared,and the effect of different factors(temperature and time)on swelling was analyzed.Then,the swelling solid engine shell composite was degraded in diethylene glycol(DEG)-potassium hydroxide(KOH)system at low temperature and atmospheric pressure.NMP had the best swelling effect on solid engine shell composite after 2 hours of swell-ing treatment,and the swelling rate reached 180.81%,which was far higher than DMF,DMAC and CH3COOH in swelling ef-fect.The temperature had an obvious effect on the swelling effect of each solvent.The swelling solvent and the polymer matrix did not react chemically.It could be regenerated by rotary evaporation.The degradation rate of resin was close to 100%,and the carbon fiber(CF)with clean surface and mechanical properties of more than 90%could be obtained.A green treatment method of solid engine shell composite has been obtained,realizing the degradation and recycle of amine-cured epoxy resin-based car-bon fiber composite.

关 键 词：固体发动机壳体 胺固化树脂基碳纤维复合材料 碳纤维回收 溶胀 降解 化学法 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]