俄乌冲突下美欧对俄出口管制及对我国的启示  

US and EU Export Controls Against Russia Under the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Implications for China

作　　者：罗依凯 程慧 LUO Yikai;CHENG Hui(Hunan University of Technology and Business;Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation)

机构地区：[1]湖南工商大学法学院 [2]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2024年第11期33-42,共10页Intertrade

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会项目“湖南实体应对美国出口管制制裁的对策研究”(XSP2023FXC110);湖南省法学会青年项目“湖南企业海外利益保护问题研究”(24HNFX-D-007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄乌冲突下,美国和欧盟对俄罗斯实施了全方位、大规模、高强度的出口管制,主要包括建立管制联盟、扩大管制物项范围、聚焦黑名单管制、强化涉俄次级制裁及加强反规避合作等内容。俄罗斯也采取了一系列针锋相对的措施予以回应。美欧的出口管制在一定程度上损害了俄罗斯的利益,但同时也反噬其自身和盟友利益,并阻碍全球经贸发展。当前,地缘政治博弈日趋激烈,出口管制仍会成为美欧维护其自身利益的重要政策工具。深入分析这一博弈过程,可为我国应对国际出口管制变革及不公正管制提供经验借鉴与启示。我国应从补足供需短板与弱项,综合运用多维措施提升国际经贸地位和话语权,维持和强化现有优势等方面做好风险规避与战略预置。In the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the US and the EU have implemented comprehensive,large-scale and high-intensity export controls against Russia,including the establishment of a control union,the expansion of the scope of controlled items,the focus on blacklisting controls,the strengthening of Russia-related secondary sanctions and the enhancement of anticircumvention cooperation.Russia has responded with a series of similar tit-for-tat measures.While the export controls have harmed Russia's interests to some extent,they have also backfired,affecting the interests of the US,the EU,and their allies and hindering global trade and economic development.As geopolitical competition intensifies,export controls will remain a key tool for the US and EU to protect their interests.Analyzing this ongoing contest offers valuable insights for China to navigate changes in international export controls and address unfair regulations.China should mitigate risks and make strategic preparations by addressing supply and demand gaps,utilizing multidimensional strategies to improve its global trade position and influence,and maintaining and enhancing its existing advantages.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 出口管制 经济制裁 进口替代 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F755[经济管理—产业经济] F757.12