基于能量平衡融雪模型的地面雪压评估以及与日本规范评估方法的比较  

Evaluation of ground snow pressure based on the energy-balance snowmelt model and its comparison with evaluation methods in Japanese code

作　　者：吴悦[1] 周晅毅[1] Wu Yue;Zhou Xuanyi(State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2024年第12期19-29,共11页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078380)。

摘　　要：基于能量平衡多层融雪模型模拟地面积雪演化,克服实测雪压样本实测数据不足的问题。首先,利用中国北方城市的积雪观测数据对文中模型精度进行校核。再选取中国各个地区的多个气象站点进行地面雪压评估,分析雪深、密度、雪水当量之间的关系,并考查多个概率模型对雪压样本的拟合优度。最后,将文中方法与日本规范评估地面雪压方法进行比较。研究表明,受重力压实影响,最大雪深对应的地面雪压值往往比地面雪压最大值小;采用极大似然估计的广义极值分布与对数正态分布进行雪压估计,拟合优度更高,结果较规范值大;与日本规范方法相比,能量平衡融雪模型计算只需基础的气象数据而无需额外校准,可以作为获取地面雪压样本的有效途径。The energy-balance multi-layer snowmelt model is utilized to simulate the evolution of snowpack on the ground,which resolves the insufficiency of measured data of snow pressure samples.Firstly,the accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is verified by using the data from snow observation in northern China.Then,several meteorological stations in different regions of China are selected to evaluate the ground snow pressure,and the relationship among snow depth,density and snow water equivalent is analyzed.Meanwhile,the goodness of fit of multiple probabilistic models for snow pressure samples is examined.The results show that under the influence of gravity compaction,the ground snow pressure corresponding to the maximum snow depth is usually smaller than the maximum ground snow pressure.When the snow pressure is evaluated by the generalized extreme value distribution and lognormal distribution with maximum likelihood estimation,the goodness of fit is better and the results are larger than the code values.Compared with the methods in Japanese code,the energy-balance snowmelt model only needs the basic meteorological data without additional calibration,which shall be an effective way to obtain the samples of the ground snow pressure.

关 键 词：地面雪压 融雪模型 荷载规范 雪密度 概率模型 

分 类 号：TU312.1[建筑科学—结构工程]