深部磷矿围岩动力灾害分析与高强预应力锚杆控制技术研究  

Dynamic Disaster Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Deep Phosphate Rock and High Strength Prestressed Anchor Control

作　　者：刘建 朱宗俊 杨友才 石明汉 李干 Liu Jian;Zhu Zongjun;Yang Youcai;Shi Minghan;Li Gan(Hubei Shanshuya Mining Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443100,Hubei,China;Institute of Rock Mechanics,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北杉树垭矿业有限公司,湖北宜昌443100 [2]宁波大学土木与环境工程学院岩石力学研究所,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《科技通报》2024年第11期63-69,共7页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ24D020001)。

摘　　要：深井磷矿房柱式开采易发生岩爆灾害,为研究其对顶板支护的影响,本文采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值模拟及现场实践的方法研究了苏家坡磷矿开采的垂直应力与水平应力演化规律。通过室内试验结合强度脆性系数法对岩爆发生进行判别,明确了矿体内矿柱应力集中程度,给出了双应力指标下对应判别岩爆主体发生原因与次生灾害冒顶的适应性,指出水平应力主导作用下的磷矿巷道顶板联动失稳区域、垂直应力主导作用下的矿柱高应力集中隐患区,并提出采用高强预应力锚杆强力控顶,模拟验证了高强预应力锚杆的控顶压应力峰值达0.8 MPa,实现低耗材、高强度控顶的效果。现场工程实践表明:对矿房内巷道围岩进行30 d持续性观测,巷道顶板变形量最大达59.9 mm,两帮变形量最大达43.6 mm,验证了高强预应力锚杆控顶的合理性,实现了千米深井高地压条件下的硬岩顶板控制,防止主-次生灾害循环交替导致的岩爆灾害发生。Room-and-pillar mining is prone to rock burst disaster in deep phosphate mine.In order to study its influence on roof support,laboratory experiments,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and field practice are used to study the vertical stress and horizontal stress evolution law of Sujiapo phosphate mine.Through the indoor test combined with the strength brittleness coefficient method,the rock burst occurrence is discriminated,the stress concentration degree of the pillar in the ore body is clarified,and the adaptability of the corresponding discrimination of the main cause of the rock burst and the secondary disaster roof fall under the double stress index is given,the roof linkage instability area of the phosphate rock roadway under the leading role of horizontal stress and the hidden danger area of the high stress concentration of the pillar under the leading role of vertical stress are pointed out,and the strong roof control of the high-strength prestressed anchor is proposed,the simulation verifies that the peak pressure stress of the high-strength prestressed anchor is up to 0.8 MPa,and the effect of low consumables and high strength roof control is realized.The field engineering practice shows that the continuous observation of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the mine room for 30 days,the maximum deformation of the roadway roof is 59.9 mm,and the maximum deformation of the two sides is 43.6 mm,which verifies the rationality of the roof control of the highstrength prestressed anchor rod,realizes the hard rock roof control under the high ground pressure condition of the kilometer deep well,and prevents the rock burst disaster caused by the alternation of the main-secondary disaster cycle.

关 键 词：深部开采 岩爆 高强预应力锚杆 矿柱 磷矿 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]