关于计量标准考核中测量不确定度的分析  

Analysis of Measurement Uncertainty During the Examination of Measurement Standard

作　　者：蒋宇航 黄树东 JIANG Yuhang;HUANG Shudong

机构地区：[1]中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司质量技术监督所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《铁道技术监督》2024年第11期10-14,共5页Railway Quality Control

摘　　要：测量不确定度评定是计量领域中一项专业性强的技术工作。在计量标准考核过程中,涉及计量标准器(或主要配套设备)、计量标准、检定(或校准)结果的测量不确定度以及目标测量不确定度等多种概念。这些测量不确定度评定容易被混淆甚至误用,导致无法客观、真实、准确地体现计量标准的测量能力和水平。为此,深入分析这些测量不确定度的概念、来源、评定方法和注意事项,并以铁路专用最高计量标准铁路支距尺检定器检定装置为例,确定目标测量不确定度,评定计量标准器(或主要配套设备)、计量标准、检定(或校准)结果的测量不确定度,以便计量技术人员能够深入理解和正确计算、评定这些测量不确定度。Evaluation of measurement uncertainty is a highly specialized technical work in the field of metrology.In the process of examination of measurement standards,some concepts such as measurement uncertainty of instrument of measurement standard(or main supporting equipment),measurement standard,verification(or calibration)re⁃sults,and target measurement uncertainty are involved.Evaluation of these measurement uncertainties are easily con⁃fused or even misused,resulting in the inability to objectively,truthfully,and accurately express the measurement ability and level of measurement standards.To this end,the concepts,sources,evaluation methods,and precautions of these measurement uncertainties are analyzed deeply.Taking the verification device of the calibrators for railway switch offset rule of the highest measurement standard for railway as an example,the target measurement uncertainty is determined,and the measurement uncertainties of the instrument of measurement standard(or main supporting equipment),measurement standard,and verification(or calibration)results are evaluated,so that metrological tech⁃nicians can deeply understand and correctly calculate and evaluate these measurement uncertainties.

关 键 词：计量标准考核 测量不确定度 分析 评定 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学]