一种季铵盐消毒剂的低温消毒效果及其安全性观察  

Observation on the disinfection effect of a quaternary ammonium disinfectant at low temperature and its safety

作　　者：张虎 马文杰 于洮 吴镝 曹晋桂 ZHANG Hu;MA Wen-jie;YU Tao;WU Di;CAO Jin-gui(Air Force Characteristic Medical Center,Beijing 100141,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心,北京100141

出　　处：《中国消毒学杂志》2024年第11期812-814,817,共4页Chinese Journal of Disinfection

摘　　要：目的 观察一种以苯扎氯铵为主要成分的季铵盐消毒剂在低温下的消毒效果及其安全性。方法 采用载体定量杀菌试验、模拟现场消毒试验、小鼠急性经口毒性及微核试验对某季铵盐消毒剂在低温下的消毒效果及其安全性进行评价。结果 该季铵盐消毒剂原液含苯扎氯铵3 500 mg/L。以其原液在-20℃下浸泡作用4~12min,对平纹布片载体上金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的杀灭对数均>5.00。模拟现场试验中,将不锈钢圆片染菌载体置于-20℃条件下的车辆上,用该季铵盐消毒液原液喷雾消毒,并作用40 min,对载体上金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭率>99.9%。该季铵盐消毒剂对小鼠急性经口毒性试验LD50值>5 000 mg/(kg·bw),消毒剂处理组的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率与阴性对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05),明显低于阳性对照。结论本研究季铵盐型消毒剂在-20℃下杀菌效果良好,属于实际无毒级物质。Objective To observe the disinfection effect of a quaternary ammonium disinfectant with benzalkonlum chloride as the main ingredient at low temperature and its safety.Methods Carrier quantitative bactericdal test,simulated field disinfection test,acute oral toxicity of mice and micronucleus test were used to evaluate the disinfection effect and safety of a quaternary ammonium disinfectant at low temperature.Results The quaternary ammonium disinfectant stock solution contained benzalkonium chloride 3 500 mg/L.The the killing logarithms of Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli on plain cloth carrier were > 5.00 when the liquid was soaked at-20℃ for 4-12 min.In the simulated field test,the stainless steel disc bacterial carrier was placed on the vehicle at-20℃,and was disinfecized with the ammonium disinfectant solution spraying for 40 min.The killing rate of Staphylococcus aureus on the carrier was > 99.9%.The LD50 value of the acute oral toxicity test of the quaternary ammonium disinfectant on mice was > 5 000 mg/(kg·bw),and the micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow of mice in the disinfectant treatment group had no statistical difference from that in the negative control group,but was significantly lower than that in the positive control group.Conclusion The bactericidal effect of the quaternary ammonium disinfectant at-20 ℃ is good,and it belongs to the actual non-toxic grade.

关 键 词：低温消毒剂 季铵盐 消毒效果 安全性 

分 类 号：R187.2[医药卫生—流行病学]